The effect of an ionospheric dynamo electric field on the electron density and total electron content (TEC) perturbations in the F layer (150–600 km altitudes) is investigated at two arbitrarily selected locations (noted as 29◦ N and 60◦ N in latitudes) in the presence of seismic tsunami-excited gravity waves propagating in a stratified, nondissipative atmosphere where vertical gradients of atm...

the baroclinic adjustment is defined as the neutralization of the mean flow by eddies. with the amplitude growth of the baroclinic waves generated by an unstable mean flow, the eddy fluxes increase and act to reduce the meridional temperature gradient or vertical wind shear of the mean flow to subcritical value. this is believed to constitute the basic mechanism of baroclinic adjustment. the co...

The variability of the zonal mean flow in the Southern Hemisphere during the period 1985–94 is studied using European Centre for Medium-Range Forecasts analyses. The dominant mode of variability has approximately equivalent barotropic variations of opposite signs centered at 408 and 608S. This structure is dominant in all seasons and has similar variance in all seasons. The temporal variance of...

Equatorial long-wave theory applies where a small horizontal aspect ratio between meridional and zonal length scales is assumed. In an idealized setting, the theory suggests that (i) meridional wind is small, (ii) geostrophic balance holds in the meridional direction, and (iii) inertio-gravity waves are small in amplitude or ‘‘filtered out.’’ In this paper a spectral data analysis method is use...

Recent retrievals of zonal thermal winds obtained in a cyclostrophic regime on Venus are generally consistent with cloud tracking measurements at midlatitudes, but become unphysical in polar regions where the values obtained above the clouds are often less than or close to zero. Using a global atmospheric model, we show that the main source of errors that appear in the polar regions when retrie...

Observations of mesospheric winds over a period of four years with the partial re ̄ection radar at Tirunelveli (8.7°N, 77.8°E), India, are presented in this study. The emphasis is on describing seasonal variabilities in mean zonal and meridional winds in the altitude region 70±98 km. The meridional winds exhibit overall transequatorial ̄ow associated with di€erential heating in the Northern and ...

[1] We have measured winds using cloud motion in consecutive Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) wide-angle global map swaths taken during the first mapping year (Ls 135 –360 –111 ). We present a total of 11,200 wind vectors collected in the north polar region during Ls 135 –195 (late summer/early fall) and Ls 20 –55 (mid spring) and in the south polar region during Ls 337 –10 ...

The dominant vertical structures for analysis and forecast errors are estimated in midlatitudes using a small ensemble of operational analyses. Errors for fixed locations in the central North Pacific and eastern North America are selected for comparing errors in regions with relatively low and high observation density, respectively. Results for these fixed locations are compared with results fo...

ABSTRAK Sorong, Papua Barat merupakan suatu wilayah di Indonesia bagian timur yang memiliki keindahan alam sangat indah dan potensial untuk dikelola sebagai daerah pariwisata serta perkebunan. Informasi prediksi curah hujan bulanan informasi penting dapat digunakan acuan dalam pengembangan tanaman perkebunan diantaranya cengkeh kelapa dikota Sorong. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui bagaimana...

Three-dimensional numerical simulations of the atmospheric flow on giant planets using the primitive equations show that shallow thermal forcing confined to pressures near the cloud tops can produce deep zonal winds from the tropopause all the way down to the bottom of the atmosphere. These deep winds can attain speeds comparable to the zonal jet speeds within the shallow, forced layer; they ar...