We reconstruct the historical biogeography of cichlid fishes endemic to the trans-Andean region of NW South America. DNA sequences were used to study historical biogeography of the cichlid genera Andinoacara (Cichlasomatini) and Mesoheros (Heroini). Two eventbased methodological approaches, parsimony-based Statistical Dispersal-Vicariance Analysis (S-DIVA) and likelihood-based DispersalExtincti...

zebra fish were exposed to environmentally relevant concentration of pesticides and metals fora period of 14 days. the individual and the combined toxicity of pesticides and metals were studied. damage caused to the dna and induction of mutation in the gadd45β gene was investigated in this study. the present investigation revealed that exposure of zebra fish to pesticides and metals induced dna...

coccidiosis and gizzard erosion are rare conditions in cage bird. a male zebra finch was presented with a history of watery diarrhea, anorexia, ruffled feathers, weight loss, and lethargy and died finally. gross necropsy revealed small areas of erosions and hemorrhages on the gizzard wall. the intestine was oedematous. the spleen appeared pale and small. the testes were asymmetric.histologicall...

Cichlid fishes compose an astonishingly large number of species and formed species flocks in record-breaking time. To facilitate efficient genome scans and comparisons of cichlid genomes, we constructed a medium-density genetic linkage map of microsatellite markers of Astatotilapia burtoni. The mapping cross was derived from two inbred laboratory lines to obtain F(2) progeny by intercrossing. T...

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.08.012 0003-3472/© 2014 The Association for the Study of A For many animals, a key benefit of group living is lowered predation risk. With increasing group size, individuals commonly reduce vigilance. This group size effect can arise from both dilution of risk and increased collective detection. To determine which was more important, we compared vigilanc...

Common name Zebra-Muschel (German), moule zebra (French), racicznica zmienna (English, Poland), zebra mussel (English), dreisena (Lithuanian, Lithuania), svitraina gliemene (Latvian, Latvia), vaeltajasimpukka (Finnish, Finland), Zebramuschel (German, Germany), wandering mussel (English), tavaline ehk muutlik r?ndkarp (Estonian, Estonia), Dreikantmuschel (German, Germany), vandremusling (Danish,...

Hybridization between an abundant species and an endangered species is cause for concern. When such hybridization is observed, it is both urgent and necessary to assess the level of threat posed to the endangered species. We report the first evidence of natural hybridization between two equids: the endangered Grevy’s zebra Equus grevyi and the abundant plains zebra Equus burchelli. Grevy’s zebr...

Vision frequently mediates critical behaviours, and photoreceptors must respond to the light available to accomplish these tasks. Most photoreceptors are thought to contain a single visual pigment, an opsin protein bound to a chromophore, which together determine spectral sensitivity. Mechanisms of spectral tuning include altering the opsin, changing the chromophore and incorporating pre-recept...