One of the principal inhibitors to the widespread acceptance of formal specification methods is the difficulty of integrating formal specification with the development process. Integrated methods seek to mitigate this difficulty by integrating formal specification with widely used structured requirements analysis methods. Several structured and formal methods are object-oriented. This paper des...

The Established Strategy for drawing up a Z specification document focuses on a more abstract activity of specification, namely, how to combine schemas but is largely silent about how to construct a schema. Schema construction may benefit from the application of certain heuristics for establishing its content. While formal specification can be seen as a subsection of software engineering and de...

A Compiler is a language translator which translates high level language to low level language, this is the task of a compiler. Removing the bugs of source program does not assure that the generated target code is completely error free because there may be bugs in compiler also. So it is more important to verify the Compiler itself. Lexical analyzer is a first phase and main part of compiler us...

It is becoming widely accepted that along with the formal specification of functional properties it is necessary, in some systems, to provide a specification of timeliness properties. Unfortunately, the main methods which would seem to provide this form of requirement appear to be targeted at specifying communication protocols. While it is possible to adapt these methods for simple timeliness p...

Real-Time Object-Z is an integration of the object-oriented formal specification language Object-Z with a timed trace notation suitable for modelling timing constraints and continuous variables. This extends the applicability of Object-Z to real-time and embedded systems. In this paper, we enhance the ability of Real-Time Object-Z to specify concurrent real-time and embedded systems by semantic...

This paper presents a translation between the formal description technique LOTOS and the object-oriented specification language Object-Z. The need for such a translation lies in the use of formal methods in viewpoint specification, and in particular in the Open Distributed Processing standard. The use of viewpoints as a set of partial interlocking specifications brings an obligation to check th...

A great deal of the benefits of formal methods stems from their ability to rigorously and precisely specify, at an initial stage, the requirements of the system being developed. Errors in requirements are detected and eliminated earlier and important properties of the system can be formally established thereby, allowing the analysis of the behaviour of the system before the design. These benefi...

UML, and other object-oriented approaches to system specification and design, are increasingly popular in industry. Many attempts have been made to formalise either the notations, the system models produced using these notations, or both. However, there have been no attempts to compare the expressiveness of the formal approaches. This paper compares Z and Object-Z approaches to object-oriented ...