The forerunner of the heterodigital flaps was the standard cross-finger flap [1]. For a long time it was considered a random pattern regional flap, which employed the dorsal skin of an adjacent finger to provide soft tissue coverage for a volar defect including pulp defect. The conventional cross-finger flap provides stable padding, but sensory recovery is prolonged and often does not restore t...

BACKGROUND Full-thickness defects to the plantar surface of the foot present a challenge to the reconstructive surgeon. Skin grafts and a variety of flap procedures have been described to resurface this site, but not all achieve a return to normal foot function. For the plantar surface of the heel, the previously described medial plantar flap can produce successful results. However, this method...

Keloids are most commonly located in the ears (44.4%), followed by the thorax (33.3%), and shoulders (7.4%) [1]. Keloids, along with hypertrophic scars, are caused by an aberration in the normal wound healing process and inflict great discomfort on the patient [2]. Abnormal scars may cause pain or pruritus, disturb the range of motion, diminish sensation, or cause aesthetic deformities that may...

The Keystone perforator island flap (Keystone flap), is a Type A fasciocutaneous advancement flap, consisting of two V to Y advancement flaps. Skin cancer excision around joints presents a number of reconstructive challenges. Owing to the mobile nature of joints, the optimal periarticular reconstructive option should possess the ability to provide adequate tissue coverage and withstand regional...

In cases of skull trauma, emergency surgery for cranial decompression typically involves the shortest approach, with the incision lying directly on or immediately near the bony defect. Subsequent reconstructive plastic surgery for the skull is difficult in such cases because incisions taken on the previous scar overlying the bony defect are prone to dehiscence and infection. Herein, we describe...

Large posterior upper trunk defects can be challenging to reconstruct. Trapezius or latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps are principally utilized for reconstruction; however, some defects may not be amenable to this standard approach. Here, we describe a patient with a full-thickness skin and subcutaneous tissue loss of the upper back and inferior cervical region after dermatofibrosarcoma protub...

Reconstruction of large soft tissue defects of the medial canthal area represents a challenge, because of the thin skin, concave contour, and proximity to important nearby structures. Tension-free closure is important in avoiding distortion of the eyelid and nasal ala. Skin graft closure is not aesthetically appealing, and there are limitations in the use of local tissues for reconstruction. We...