We briefly review the inside-outside and EM algorithm for probabilistic context-free grammars. As a result, we formally prove that inside-outside estimation is a dynamic-programming variant of EM. This is interesting in its own right, but even more when considered in a theoretical context since the wellknown convergence behavior of inside-outside estimation has been confirmed by many experiment...

Prevalent methods for making high-accuracy tower-based measurements of the CO2 mixing ratio, notably nondispersive infrared spectroscopy (NDIR), require frequent system calibration and sample drying. Wavelength-scanned cavity ring-down spectroscopy (WS-CRDS) is an emerging laser-based technique with the advantages of improved stability and concurrent water vapor measurements. Results are presen...

Figure 1: Example insurance scenario Consider a commercial Web site for an insurance company (Figure 1). The web site surfaces Web pages that allow customers, agents, employees and partners to interact with applications. The site also exposes a Web service interface using WSDL [WSDL] to document interfaces and a WS-Interoperability [WSI] binding for access from partner systems. This scenario in...

The thermal conductivity of a dense multi-component plasma is critical to the modeling of accreting neutron stars. To this end, we perform large-scale molecular dynamics simulations to calculate the static structure factor of the dense multi-component plasma in the neutron star crust from near the photosphere-ocean boundary to the vicinity of the neutron drip point. The structure factors are us...

We discuss oscillations of atmospheric and solar neutrinos into sterile neutrinos in the 2+2 scheme. A zero order sum rule requires equal probabilities for oscillation into νs and ντ in the solar+atmospheric data sample. Data does not favor this claim. Here we use scatter plots to assess corrections of the zero order sum rule when (i) the 4× 4 neutrino mixing matrix assumes its full range of al...

We discuss oscillations of atmospheric and solar neutrinos into sterile neutrinos in the 2+2 scheme. A zero order sum rule requires equal probabilities for oscillation into νs and ντ in the solar+atmospheric data sample. Data does not favor this claim. Here we use scatter plots to assess corrections of the zero order sum rule when (i) the 4× 4 neutrino mixing matrix assumes its full range of al...

We discuss oscillations of atmospheric and solar neutrinos into sterile neutrinos in the 2+2 scheme. A zero order sum rule requires equal probabilities for oscillation into νs and ντ in the solar+atmospheric data sample. Data does not favor this claim. Here we use scatter plots to assess corrections of the zero order sum rule when (i) the 4× 4 neutrino mixing matrix assumes its full range of al...

A procedure is presented for the simultaneous prediction of fluid–fluid and solid–fluid equilibrium of light gases/heavy hydrocarbons systems under pressure. The objective of this work is to simplify the predictive approach previously proposed by the authors, making it more useful and accessible to users at the petroleum industry. The main modification with respect to the complex LCVM (linear c...

One of the major uncertainties in the understanding of Earth’s climate system is the interaction between solar radiation and aerosols in the atmosphere. Aerosols exposed to high humidity will change their chemical, physical, and optical properties due to their increased water content. To model hydrated aerosols, atmospheric chemistry and climate models often use the volume weighted mixing rule ...

This articles discusses the logic, or logic-based, languages required for a full deployment of the Semantic Web. It presents ten theses addressing 1. the kinds of logic languages needed, 2. data and data processing, 3. semantics, and 4. engineering and rendering issues. The views reported about in this article have been presented at the W3C Workshop on Rule Languages for Interoperability (27-28...