Abstract Well-functioning modern democracies depend largely on expert knowledge and arrangements, but this expertise reliance also causes severe problems for their legitimacy. Somewhat surprisingly, moral political philosophers have come to play an increasing role as experts in contemporary policymaking. The paper discusses different epistemic democratic worries raised by the presence of philos...

Abstract Imposing “sin” taxes has been the preferred way governments tried to discourage over-consumption of temptation goods for decades. However numerous evidence shows that consumers exhibit behavioral biases which can affect their reaction taxes. This paper investigates a potential bias and how it affects demand temptation: financial worries associated with poverty have shown shift attentio...

hospitalization of child is one of the most stressful events of life for parents and children. this fear and stress may affect the process of treatment. since there is no information available about the source of distress and needs of iranian parents during the inpatient care of their children, we designed a research in order to discover the main source of worries and fears among parents. in th...