?ining waste, processing by-products and mine water discharges pose a serious threat to the environment as in many cases they contain high concentrations of toxic substances. However, may also be valuable resources. The main target current review is comparative study occurrence rare earth elements (REE) mining waste produced from exploitation coal, bauxite, phosphate rock other ore deposits. Co...

Topsoil is the preferred substrate for areas requiring rehabilitation after bauxite mining. However, topsoil is sometimes lacking and so there is a need to test the suitability of other, locally available substrates. In an abandoned bauxite mine in Southeastern Brazil, small patches of native vegetation spontaneously established in shallow depressions over weathered laterite, suggesting that gr...

Human resources in Africa were exploited during the First World War for imperial ends. Men were sent to Europe to augment the manpower of the combatants, and soldiers and labourers were mobilized to aid in the conquest or defense of Germany’s colonies. In all, about 2,350,000 Africans were mobilized between 1914 and 1918 to secure these respective ends, while over 250,000 soldiers and carriers,...

Casualty rates for naval forces ashore across varying battle intensities are needed as input to medical and manpower planning models. Casualty data of medical and construction battalions participating in World War II amphibious assaults, Korea, and Vietnam were extracted from archival sources. Casualty rates among naval ashore forces fluctuated with battle intensity. The rate during intense com...

As a developing country, China is also major producer and consumer of mineral resources. At present, still in critical period rapid development industrialization urbanization, which will inevitably lead to huge resource consumption. It only 30 years between the peak carbon consumption timepoint planned achieve goal neutrality. Coming from background dual pressure terms total amount intensity “c...