A systematic compilation of 21 different property values of wood and bark fue1 was made to facilitate the engineering analysis and modeling of combustion systems. Physical property values vary greatly and properties such as density, porosity, and internal surface area are related to wood species whereas bulk density, particle size, and shape distribution are related to fuel preparation methods....

The combustion properties of various biomass and wood materials from various references and from our laboratory were reanalysed. The net heat of combustion for cellulosic materials was found to be 13.23 kJ/g times the ratio of stoichiometric oxygen mass to fuel mass, ro, regardless of the material composition. Bomb calorimeter data for original, charred and volatilized material components provi...

BACKGROUND Particulate matter (PM) exposures have been linked with poor respiratory health outcomes, especially among susceptible populations such as asthmatic children. Smoke from biomass combustion for residential home heating is an important source of PM in many rural or peri-urban areas in the United States. AIM To assess the efficacy of residential interventions that reduce indoor PM exp...

The overall objective of this investigation is to develop a technology to employ biomass as substitute fuel for coal to help reduce NOx.. It was achieved by governing NOx formation kinetics through in-furnace air and fuel staged co-combustion technology. An extensive series of experimentation was carried out in a 20 kW down fired combustor to evaluate the effect of co-firing of Shea meal, Cotto...

Reprinted from the Interscience Communications Ltd.; Building Research Establishment; National Fire Protection Association; National Institute of Standards and Technology; Society of Fire Protection Engineers; and Swedish National Testing and Research Institute. Interflam '2001. International Interflam Conference, 9 Proceedings. Volume 1. September 17-19, 2001, Edinburgh, Scotland, Interscience...

Organic gases undergoing conversion to form secondary organic aerosol (SOA) during atmospheric aging are largely unidentified, particularly in regions influenced by anthropogenic emissions. SOA dominates the atmospheric organic aerosol burden and this knowledge gap contributes to uncertainties in aerosol effects on climate and human health. Here we characterize primary and aged emissions from r...

Household energy in sub-Saharan Africa is largely derived from woodfuels burned in simple stoves with poor combustion characteristics. These devices emit products of incomplete combustion [PICs] that both damage human health and negatively impact the atmospheric radiation budget. We use empirical studies and published emission factors to estimate the pollution associated with production, distri...

Combustion behavior (swelling during combustion and combustion time) of the kraft black liquors varies significantly between pulp mills and also time-dependent variations within a mill occur. In addition, due to the different raw materials and pulping conditions, some further variations in these combustion properties are typically observed. Therefore, by means of the proper process control and ...

Power generation from biomass is a substantial source of ashes, the extent of which depends on the type of biomass fuel and technology of combustion being used. The current study focuses on comparison of ashes with a special emphasis on hazardous organic compounds, particularly the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) fraction, present in ash. The reason is that ashes from combustion of wood...