In this work we present data about electronic devices based on a planar structure; inert electrode/nanophase chalcogenide glass/inert electrode in close proximity with a source of silver (Ag) oriented laterally over the chalcogenide glass film. The conductivity of the devices changes with radiation and it can be measured by contacting the two inert electrodes. Spacing of the electrodes was chos...

Two challenges for improving the performance of air cathode, single-chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs) include increasing Coulombic efficiency (CE) and decreasing internal resistance. Nonbiodegradable glass fiber separators between the two electrodes were shown to increase power and CE, compared to cloth separators (J-cloth) that were degraded over time. MFC tests were conducted using glass fi...

An advanced volume conductor model was used to simulate the surface-detected motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) due to current sources located at different depths within the muscle tissue of the biceps brachii. Seven different spatial filters were investigated by linear summation of the monopolarly detected surface MUAPs on a square array of nine electrodes. The criterion of the relative ener...

Power density, electrode potential, coulombic efficiency, and energy recovery in single-chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were examined as a function of solution ionic strength, electrode spacing and composition, and temperature. Increasing the solution ionic strength from 100 to 400 mM by adding NaCl increased power output from 720 to 1330 mW/m2. Power generation was also increased from 720 ...

OBJECTIVE This paper describes the design, microfabrication, electrical characterization and biological evaluation of a high-density micro-needle array. The array records from and electrically stimulates individual neurons simultaneously in acute slices of brain tissue. APPROACH Acute slices, arguably the closest in-vitro model of the brain, have a damaged surface layer. Since electrophysiolo...

Background—Fractionated electrograms are used by some as targets for ablation in atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. Fractionation has been demonstrated to result when there is repetitive or asynchronous activation of separate groups of cells within the recording region of a mapping electrode(s). Methods and Results—Using a computer model, we generated tissue activation patterns with increasing...

BACKGROUND Fractionated electrograms are used by some as targets for ablation in atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. Fractionation has been demonstrated to result when there is repetitive or asynchronous activation of separate groups of cells within the recording region of a mapping electrode(s). METHODS AND RESULTS Using a computer model, we generated tissue activation patterns with increasi...

We have investigated the use of carbon nanotube coated microelectrodes as an interface material for retinal recording and stimulation applications. Test devices were micro-fabricated and consisted of 60, 30 mum diameter electrodes at spacing of 200 mum. These electrodes were coated via chemical vapor deposition of carbon nanotubes, resulting in conducting, three dimensional surfaces with a high...

this study presents a comparison between aluminum and iron plate electrodes on phosphate removal from aqueous solutions by electrocoagulation process. the effectiveness of main operational parameters such as initial ph, initial phosphate concentration and current density were examined. in addition, treated solution and sludge characteristics, energy consumption and electrode mass depletion were...

Traditional multibarreled pipette electrodes are still widely used in microiontophoresis studies. Although better electrodes have been introduced, they are difficult and time-consuming to make. Construction of a carbon fiber recording and microiontophoresis assembly is described here. The construction of a carbon fiber electrode assembly is easy and carbon fibers have excellent characteristics ...