BACKGROUND Testing for clustering at multiple ranges within a single dataset is a common practice in spatial epidemiology. It is not documented whether this approach has an impact on the type 1 error rate. METHODS We estimated the family-wise error rate (FWE) for the difference in Ripley's K functions test, when testing at an increasing number of ranges at an alpha-level of 0.05. Case and con...

Two general classes of multiple decision functions, where each member of the first class strongly controls the family-wise error rate (FWER), while each member of the second class strongly controls the false discovery rate (FDR), are described. These classes offer the possibility that optimal multiple decision functions with respect to a pre-specified Type II error criterion, such as the missed...

In phase II platform trials, 'many-to-one' comparisons are performed when K experimental treatments are compared with a common control to identify the most promising treatment(s) to be selected for Phase III trials. However, when sample sizes are limited, such as when the disease of interest is rare, only a single Phase II/III trial addressing both treatment selection and confirmatory efficacy ...

Gene expression microarrays have been the vanguard of new analytic approaches in high-dimensional biology. Draft sequences of several genomes coupled with new technologies allow study of the influences and responses of entire genomes rather than isolated genes. This has opened a new realm of highly dimensional biology where questions involve multiplicity at unprecedented scales: thousands of ge...

BACKGROUND The multi-arm multi-stage (MAMS) design described by Royston et al. [Stat Med. 2003;22(14):2239-56 and Trials. 2011;12:81] can accelerate treatment evaluation by comparing multiple treatments with a control in a single trial and stopping recruitment to arms not showing sufficient promise during the course of the study. To increase efficiency further, interim assessments can be based ...

For many years, subset analysis has been a popular topic for the biostatistics and clinical trials literature. In more recent years, the discussion has focused on finding subsets of genomes which play a role in the effect of treatment, often referred to as stratified or personalized medicine. Though highly sought after, methods for detecting subsets with altering treatment effects are limited a...

At least since Gabriel (1969), a broad class of multiple comparison procedures, socalled simultaneous test procedures (STPs), is established in the statistical literature. Elements of an STP are a testing family (H, T ), consisting of a set of null hypotheses and corresponding test statistics, and a common critical constant cα. The threshold cα with which each of the test statistics has to be c...