We present an effective technique for suppressing the vortex-induced vibrations of bluff bodies by eliminating the von Kármán street formed in their wake. Specifically, we find that small amounts of combined windward suction and leeward blowing around the body modify the wake instability and lead to suppression of the fluctuating lift force. Three-dimensional simulations and stability analysis ...

Dynamic soaring is a small-scale flight manoeuvre which is the basis for the extreme flight performance of albatrosses and other large seabirds to travel huge distances in sustained non-flapping flight. As experimental data with sufficient resolution of these small-scale movements are not available, knowledge is lacking about dynamic soaring and the physical mechanism of the energy gain of the ...

BAKER, P. J. & SCOWCROFT, P. G. 2005. Stocking guidelines for the endemic Hawaiian hardwood, Acacia koa. Stocking relationships are an important tool for foresters because they provide a means for evaluating how effectively the trees in a stand use available growing space. While stocking guidelines are not available for many tropical tree species, readily obtained measurements of stem and crown...

In order to calculate air flow rate by gravitational ventilation using the mass balance and conversion formula of pressure difference dynamic pressure, following two values at boundary are required, (1) Windward speed, (2) Temperature profile.

[1] The typically sparse distribution of weather stations in mountainous terrain inadequately resolves temperature variability. Accordingly, high‐resolution gridding of climate data (for applications such as hydrological modeling) often relies on assumptions such as a constant surface temperature lapse rate (i.e., decrease of surface temperature with altitude) of 6.5°C km. Using an example of t...

Ground-based and airborne Doppler radar data collected during passage of frontal rainstorms over the European Alps and Cascade Mountains of Oregon are found to exhibit characteristic cross-barrier flow and precipitation patterns. A stably stratified layer of blocked (or partially blocked) low-momentum flow below mountain-crest level is separated from strong cross-barrier flow aloft by a concent...

The main ecological services of the sand-fixed forest are windbreak, soil erosion control, and atmospheric dust retention. In this paper, the ecological services of Populus simonii forest were assessed by simultaneous measurements of wind speeds, daily amount of soil surface wind erosion, and amount of atmospheric dust deposition at different observation sites located within and outside the for...