Antibiotics can improve ruminant growth and efficiency by altering rumen fermentation via selective inhibition of microorganisms. However, antibiotic use is increasingly restricted due to concerns about the spread of antibiotic-resistance. Plant-based antimicrobials are alternatives to antibiotics in animal production. The hops plant (Humulus lupulus L.) produces a range of bioactive secondary ...

Effect of Activated Charcoal on the Fermentation Parameters and Degradability Contaminated Diet with Aflatoxin B1 by Microorganisms Isolated from Rumen In Vitro

Rumen microorganisms rapidly metabolize citric acid to carbon dioxide and acetic acid. The rate of metabolism varied between 0.00008 and 0.76 mumoles per g per min, the rate becoming higher as the citric acid concentration increased. The addition of potassium chloride to rumen contents decreased the rate of utilization. The results indicate that dietary citric acid is unlikely to accumulate in ...

Assimilation of ionic cobalt by axenic cultures of four species of anaerobic rumen bacteria was measured using 6oCo as cobalt (II) chloride. Uptake could be measured in all four species but may not represent active accumulation in the case of Lactobacillus casei and Propionibacterium acnes. Significant uptake (89.5% of 6oCo present) was demonstrated by Selenomonas ruminantium from media contain...

In vitro fermentation experiments and a feeding trial were conducted to determine how distillers byproducts impact rumen microbiology and metabolism. The in vitro rate of lactic acid disappearance was not stimulated by direct addition of distillers byproducts to mixed rumen contents collected from a steer adapted to a high concentrate diet. However, if animals were fed condensed distillers bypr...

Rumen microorganisms rapidly metabolized glycine at rates varying from 0.014 to 0.241 mumole of glycine per ml per min. The main metabolic products were carbon dioxide, acetic acid, and ammonia; little glycine was incorporated into bacterial protein. Use of carboxyl or methylene-labeled glycine showed that the carbon dioxide came mainly from the carboxyl of glycine, whereas both carbons of acet...

Meat and milk from ruminants are rich in saturated fat and this influences human health. The saturation of fat occurs in the rumen where microorganisms hydrogenate unsaturated fatty acids (FA). The metabolism of the FA in the rumen also influences the synthesis of FA in the mammary gland and can be responsible for a decrease in milk fat production. The purpose of this research is to identify th...

The manipulation of the rumen microbial ecosystem to improve animal productivity and lessen environmental impacts has been a research goal for many decades. Impediments to a targeted manipulation of the rumen have included a lack of knowledge of the diversity of the rumen microbial population as well as a lack of methods to thoroughly evaluate microbial changes. Molecular based studies of the r...

The nutritional manipulations of the rumen microbiome to enhance productivity and health are rather limited by the resilience of the ecosystem once established in the mature rumen. Based on recent studies, it has been suggested that the microbial colonization that occurs soon after birth opens a possibility of manipulation with potential to produce lasting effects into adult life. This paper pr...

Ureolytic bacteria are key organisms in the rumen producing urease enzymes to catalyze the breakdown of urea to ammonia for the synthesis of microbial protein. However, little is known about the diversity and distribution of rumen ureolytic microorganisms. The urease gene (ureC) has been the target gene of choice for analysis of the urea-degrading microorganisms in various environments. In this...