Epidemiological studies find that whole-grain intake is protective against cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. Potential mechanisms for this protection are diverse since whole grains are rich in nutrients and phytochemicals. First, whole grains are concentrated sources of dietary fibre, resistant starch and oligosaccharides, carbohydrates that escape digestion in the small int...

Mice lacking complement components show delayed development of prion disease following peripheral inoculation. The delay could relate to reduced scrapie prion protein (PrP(Sc)) accumulation on follicular dendritic cells (DCs). However conventional DCs (cDCs) play a crucial role in the early pathogenesis of prion diseases and complement deficiency could result in decreased PrP(Sc) uptake by cDCs...

When Cr4-labeled lysine is incubated with guinea pig liver homogenate, a-aminoadipic, ar-ketoadipic, and glutaric acids are formed from the lysine (1). These transformations were established by finding the radioactivity of the Cl4 tracer in the metabolic products. The homogenate proteins coagulated by boiling at pH 5 also contained radioactivity. The counts given by the proteins corresponded to...

1. The cells used in the present experiments were lymph-node cells from inbred mice, and over 98 % cells were proven to be small lympho-cytes. Therefore, those cells that have undergone blastformation are all those derived from small lymphocytes. 2. When homogenate of one cell group is cultured with live cells of the other pairing group, there occurs blastformation. In the presence of PHA, such...

The effect of ischemia on the function of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was assessed by the calcium uptake rate of rat whole-heart homogenates in the presence of 10 mM oxalate. Previous studies have shown that this uptake is restricted to the SR. The contribution of the ryanodine-sensitive fractions of the SR to the total homogenate uptake was assessed by using 20 microM ruthenium red and...

OBJECTIVE Acute administration of cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonists, or the ingestion of cannabis, induces short-term hyperphagia. However, the incidence of obesity is lower in frequent cannabis users compared to non-users. Gut microbiota affects host metabolism and altered microbial profiles are observed in obese states. Gut microbiota modifies adipogenesis through actions on the endocannabino...

The effect of injection of a cell homogenate of Trypanosoma gambiense into mice on the production of soluble factors responsible for the induction of polyclonal B-cell activation (PBA) by their spleen cells was examined. PBA was induced by injection of the cell homogenate and was also detected in mice treated with either the serum or the spleen cells of mice treated with the cell homogenate. PB...

This review summarizes recent studies examining whole grain consumption and its effect on gut microbiota and satiety in healthy humans. Studies comparing whole grains to their refined grain counterparts were considered, as were studies comparing different grain types. Possible mechanisms linking microbial metabolism and satiety are described. Clinical trials show that whole grain wheat, maize, ...

The relationships between exercise and metabolites as well as between exercise and sarcoplasmic reticulum function were studied in gastrocnemius muscle of ovariectomized-trained rats. Prolonged moderate-intensity exercise, treadmill up-hill run for 90 min with a 10 degree incline, decreased the muscle glycogen content. Exercise until exhaustion further lowered the glycogen concentration to 13% ...

OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of trophic feeding on gastric emptying and whole gut transit time in sick preterm infants. METHODS A randomised, controlled, prospective study of 70 infants weighing less than 1750 g at birth, who were receiving ventilatory support, was performed. Group TF (33 infants) received trophic feeding from day 3 (0.5 ml/h if birthweight less than 1 kg, 1 ml/h if gre...