Sex-typed behavior was assessed at age 3 using the Pre-School Activities Inventory, and at age 13 using the Multidimensional Gender Identity Scale, in 54 masculine boys, 57 masculine girls, 75 feminine boys, 65 feminine girls, 61 control boys, and 65 control girls. At age 13, girls who had been masculine at age 3 felt less similar to other girls, were less content being a girl, and had greater ...

In many languages, masculine forms (e.g., German Lehrer, "teachers, masc.") have traditionally been used to refer to both women and men, although feminine forms are available, too. Feminine-masculine word pairs (e.g., German Lehrerinnen und Lehrer, "teachers, fem. and teachers, masc.") are recommended as gender-fair alternatives. A large body of empirical research documents that the use of gend...

in sufism, one may find a very interesting feminine approach according to which the feminine is the source of life. though it is roughly distinguished from modern feminism in principle and aim, it would be very critical to see how this perspective overcomes the masculine dominated world. the overall aim of this paper is to give only a remark and an entry to this perspective without involving in...

Abstract In French, the noun apple ( la pomme ) is grammatically feminine, in German der Apfel it masculine. Does this entail that French speakers perceive apples to be feminine whereas attribute masculine characteristics them? Various studies suggest grammatical gender does indeed influence object perception Haertlé 2017 ; Boroditsky & Schmidt 2000 ), although findings are not always repli...

Human voice pitch research has focused on perceptions of attractiveness, strength, and social dominance. Here we examine the influence of pitch on selection of leaders, and whether this influence varies by leadership role. Male and female leaders with lower-pitched (i.e., masculine) voices are generally preferred by both men and women. We asked whether this preference shifts to favor higher-pit...

Many languages have a grammatical gender system whereby all nouns are assigned a gender (most commonly feminine, masculine, or neuter). Two studies examined whether (1) the assignment of genders to nouns is truly arbitrary (as has been claimed), and (2) whether the grammatical genders assigned to nouns have semantic consequences. In the first study, English speakers’ intuitions about the gender...

Cell death is a nearly ubiquitous feature of the developing nervous system, and differential death in males and females contributes to several well studied sex differences in neuron number. Nonetheless, the functional importance of neuronal cell death has been subjected to few direct tests. Bax, a pro-apoptotic protein, is required for cell death in many neural regions. Deletion of the Bax gene...

Effects of Sex Typing 2 The present study replicates and extends Lash and Polyson's (1986) findings that a majority of mental images of commonly projected animals are gender associated. In the present study 91 subjects created mental images of the same animals and rated them on degree of masculinity-femininity and clarity on seven point Likert scales. The two studies were very consistent for fe...