In this short paper, we present a caching scheme for low-frequent shading information. The scheme consists of a precalculated, carefully constructed sparse set of points, the density of which adapts to local shading requirements, which we estimate by calculating the ambient occlusion. This fixed set of points is then used to store shading information. This shading information is calculated once...

Relief shading is the most common type of cartographic relief representation for print and digital maps. Manual relief shading results in informative and visually pleasing representations of terrain, but it is time consuming and expensive to produce. Current analytical relief shading can be created quickly, but the resulting maps are not as aesthetically appealing and do not show landscape feat...

One of the great promises of real-time shading is the potential to have a single shading program that can run across a wide range of graphics hardware. While we don’t yet have a single cross-platform shading language to satisfy everyone, there is ample evidence that it is possible. In this chapter, we discuss what is necessary to create a cross-platform shading language, how shading languages a...

In this paper we propose cycle shading and hatched cycle shading as new local shading techniques for shape assessment and visualization. Natural surface highlights are extended to not only appear in isolated parts of a surface, but to reappear throughout the surface in a regular and easy-to-control pattern. Thereby even small surface variations become visible, wherever they are located on the s...

The objective of this study was to test the effect shading levels and leaf reduction intensities on survival growth Copaifera langsdorffii Guillem. ex Benth., Desf. Hymenaea courbaril L. seedlings rescued from natural regeneration. Three experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with split-plots, which four composed plots (0 or full sun; 30; 50; 70%) three reductions subplots...

Cotton-rapeseed or cotton-wheat double cropping systems are popular in the Yangtze River Valley and Yellow River Valley of China. Due to the competition of temperature and light resources during the growing season of double cropping system, cotton is generally late-germinating and late-maturing and has to suffer from the coupling of declining temperature and low light especially in the late gro...

The concentration of carbon-based anti-herbivore defence compounds is key to herbivore utilization of forage. Production of phenolics and condensed tannins in boreal woody plants is known to reduce grazing pressure. Their production depends, among other things, on the availability of nutrient resources, especially nitrogen, relative to the availability of assimilates. The carbon-nutrient balanc...

Previous research has shown a visual asymmetry in shaded stimuli where the perceived contrast depended on the polarity of their dark and light areas (Chacón, 2004). In particular, circles filled out with a top-dark luminance ramp were perceived with higher contrast than top-light ones although both types of stimuli had the same physical contrast. Here, using shaded stimuli, we conducted four ex...

There are many kinds of façade shading designs which provide optimal indoor daylighting conditions. Thus, considering combinations of different types of façade shading systems is an essential aspect in the optimization of daylighting in the building design process. This study explores (1) how the pattern and different characteristics are evaluated by varying façade shading types and considering...