Venlafaxine is an antidepressant and anti-anxiety drug that has been detected in municipal wastewater at low μg/L concentrations. In this study, the nest-defense behavior of adult male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) was observed in fish exposed for a full lifecycle to venlafaxine nominal concentrations of 0.88, 8.8, and 88 μg/L (i.e. 1, 9.3, 75 μg/L mean measured concentrations). Nest-de...

Atrazine is currently the most widely used herbicide in agriculture for the production of corn and other crops in the world. In the present research, the effect of acute and chronic toxicity of atrazine (herbicide) on blood biochemical indices of grass carp (Ctenopharhyngoden idella) an important species of commercial fish was studied. In acute toxicity, pollutant toxicity to fish was tested by...

BACKGROUND Umeclidinium and vilanterol, long-acting bronchodilators for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, are primarily eliminated via the hepatic route; however, severe renal impairment may adversely affect some elimination pathways other than the kidney. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of severe renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of umeclidinium and umeclidiniu...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the impact of ciprofloxacin in Danio rerio on growth, on the development of histopathological changes in selected organs (gills, kidney, liver), and on the activity of some oxidative stress markers during a 28-day toxicity test. METHODS Juvenile growth tests were performed on D. rerio according to OECD guideline No. 215. Fish at the age of 30 day...

More than 30 years after the installation of tube wells in Bangladesh, Maria Argos and colleagues report a prospective cohort study in The Lancet today in which they investigated all-cause and chronic-disease mortalities related to arsenic exposure in well water. In previous studies by these and other investigators, associations were noted with skin lesions and malignant diseases (eg, skin, bla...

PURPOSE To determine a reference background urinary thallium level; to compare urinary thallium data from workers to this background level; to investigate factors affecting these levels and whether creatinine correction is appropriate. METHODS Urine samples from non-occupationally exposed people (n = 273, from 113 individuals) and workers (n = 896, from 447 individuals) were analysed for thal...

Acidification is acknowledged as the cause for extinction or catch reductions in numerous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) populations in Norway. In freshwater, labile (cationic/inorganic) forms of Al (LAl) accumulate in fish gills, where high concentrations result in mortality due to respiratory and ionoregulatory dysfunction. At lower concentrations, Al may still have population effects by in...