The first generation of the welfare debates has focused on articulating the main drive which leads the development of the welfare state. They mainly exploit political or economic variables, such as industrialization (Wilensky and Lebaux 1958; Wilensky 1975), power resources mobilization of labor class (Korpi 1983; Esping-Andersen 1985), or roles of states (Flora and Alber 1981; Skocpol and Amen...

The inequality in electricity consumption (EC) Colombia is assessed based on the per capita (ECpc) and Gini coefficient. ECpc was defined with total population for each department rural urban areas. Furthermore, national according to Colombian socioeconomic stratum by income levels. results showed significant asymmetries between departments, populations, strata. coefficient of EC GDP higher tha...

BACKGROUND This paper examines an aspect of the problem of measuring inequality in health services. The measures that are commonly applied can be misleading because such measures obscure the difficulty in obtaining a complete ranking of distributions. The nature of the social welfare function underlying these measures is important. The overall object is to demonstrate that varying implications ...

This paper studies how and how much the mutual fund industry increases its fees by differentiating products over the state of nature. To avoid head-to-head competition, mutual fund managers hold different portfolios which yield distinct returns and become star funds alternatively in different market situations. This enables mutual funds to obtain stochastic monopoly power and on average charge ...

Social trust is the main component of social capital. In this regard, subjective welfare is one of the important aspects of human life. Based on the human needs growth, it must be considered both objective and subjective aspect of welfare. The present study tries to use survey method and collect data by cluster sampling among 381 persons of 20-29 Youth in Tehran as the sample of this research. ...

The concept of welfare has multidimensional perspectives in economic literature There is no consensus on the definition among experts as they have paradoxical and divergent views about alternatives economy. Welfare any particular region can be extracted from average level per capita income, income distribution, poverty, human development region. present study aims to interregional comparisons, ...

Random coe cient regression models have been applied in di erent elds and they constitute a unifying setup for many statistical problems. The nonparametric study of this model started with Beran and Hall (1992) and it has become a fruitful framework. In this paper we propose and study statistics for testing a basic hypothesis concerning this model: the constancy of coe cients. The asymptotic be...

this research aims at studying challenges, difficulties and prospects of irans income distribution sector during 2005-2015 by means of an econometric model. the first part of the paper reviews some theories and empirical accomplishments regarding income distribution in national and international levels. the next part of the paper goes through the trends of income distribution and social welfare...