background: prevalence of obesity in the world, in both developed and developing countries, is growing rapidly. bariatric surgery is now accepted as the treatment for morbid obesity. objective: this study compares laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy's effectiveness (lsg) with the most common bariatric surgery, laparoscopic roux-en-y (lrygb) gastric bypass.   methods: a systematic review was perform...

We consider random walks where each path is equipped with a random weight which is stationary and independent in space and time. We show that under some assumptions the arising probability distributions are in a sense uniformly absolutely continuous with respect to the usual probability distribution for symmetric random walks. We consider random walks on the d-dimensional lattice Z with each pa...

" Wir mssen wissen, wir werden wissen " (We must know, we shall know) Pr[Y ≥ ∆] = Pr[exp(tY) ≥ exp(t∆)] ≤ E [exp(tY)] exp(t∆) , the first part follows by the fact that exp(·) preserve ordering, and the second part follows by the Markov inequality. Observe that E [exp(tX i)] = 1 2 e t + 1 2 e −t = e t + e −t 2 = 1 2 1 + t 1! + t 2 2! + t 3 3! + · · · + 1 2 1 − t 1! + t 2 2! − t 3 3! + · · · = 1 ...

BACKGROUND Validation studies of height- and weight-based indexes of body fatness in children and adolescents have examined only small samples of school-age children. OBJECTIVE The objective was to validate the performance of age- and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) compared with the Rohrer index (RI) and weight-for-height in screening for both underweight and overweight in children aged 2...

BACKGROUND With the increasing focus on obesity, growth patterns in infancy and early childhood have gained much attention. Although the adiposity rebound has been in focus because of a shown association with adult obesity, not much has been published about the infant peak in body mass index (BMI). OBJECTIVE This study links age and BMI at infant peak to duration of breastfeeding and body com...

BACKGROUND Maternal smoking during pregnancy seems to be associated with obesity in offspring. Not much is known about the specific critical exposure periods or underlying mechanisms for this association. OBJECTIVE We assessed the associations of active maternal and paternal smoking during pregnancy with early growth characteristics and risks of overweight and obesity in preschool children. ...

BACKGROUND Although extensive descriptive research shows that childhood obesity predisposes a person to adult obesity, little is understood about the dynamics of weight during childhood and the predictors of weight tracking. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to examine tracking patterns of body mass index (BMI) as well as their predictors between childhood and adolescence. DESIGN A cohort of 975 ...

BACKGROUND Little is known about factors associated with lung function decline in asthma. OBJECTIVE To identify the determinants of FEV(1) decline in adults with asthma with and without airflow obstruction at baseline. METHODS An international cohort of 638 subjects with asthma (20-44 years old) was identified in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (1991-1993) and followed up f...

BACKGROUND In low-birth-weight girls, obesity increases the risk of premature adrenarche and metabolic complications. However, the consistency of this association in normal-birth-weight children and its potential mediators remain unknown. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to assess the associations between obesity indicators and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) at 7 y of age and to evaluat...