In 1923, Arthur Holly Compton introduced what today is known as the wavelength. Even if scattering derivation by relativistic in sense that it takes into account momentum of photons traveling at speed light, original indirectly assumes electron stationary moment scattered electrons, but not after has been hit photons. Here, we extend this to derive for case when initially moving a velocity v.

We present near-infrared (observed frame) spectra of the high-redshift quasar S4 0636+68 at z = 3.2 which was previously thought to be one of a group of “strong” Fe II emitters (i.e., F (Fe IIλλ4434–4684)/F (Hβ) > 1). Our K-band spectrum clearly shows emission lines of Hβ and [O III]λλ4959, 5007 as well as optical Fe II emission. Our computed value of F (Fe II λλ4434–4684)/F (Hβ) ≃ 0.8 for S4 0...

Waveguides with low confinement loss, low chromatic dispersion, and low nonlinear effects are used in optical communication systems. Optical fibers can also be employed in such systems. Besides optical fibers, photonic crystal fibers are also highly suitable transmission media for optical communication systems. In this paper, we introduce two new designs of index-guiding photonic crystal fiber ...

In this paper, the gain spectrum and the saturation behavior of one-pump fiber optical parametric amplifiers (1-P FOPAs) are investigated by taking into account the fourth-order dispersion coefficient b4 in the analysis. The results show that it is necessary to consider b4 in the analysis when the wavelength difference between the signal and pump waves is large enough and/or whenever the pump w...

After a short introduction to the different requirements to and techniques for wavelength conversion, focus is on cross-gain and cross-phase modulation in SOA based converters. Aspects like jitter accumulation, regeneration and conversion to the same wavelength is discussed. It is predicted that jitter accumulation can be minimised while also assuring a high extinction ratio by using a 9–10 dB ...