Despite the many potential sources of release of pathogenic organisms into the environment, agronomic practices that utilize animal manures contaminated with pathogenic or parasitic organisms appear to be the major contributors to watershed or basin contaminations. High rates of land-applied raw manure increase the risks of surface or ground water contamination, both from excess nutrients and p...

Incorporation of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) into Unsupervised-Supervised Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) was applied to quantify the similarity of watershed characteristics. The goal of this approach is to find the best match watershed from a large knowledge base of over one thousand quantifying watersheds and to determine the reliability of “transplant” watershed information during...

The Maumee River watershed is the largest drainage basin that discharges into the Great Lakes. Although the watershed is largely a rural landscape, several major urban-industrial cities, including Fort Wayne and Toledo are located along the river. Many water quality concerns are present, especially nonpoint rural runoff that contributes significant amounts of sediment into the Maumee River. The...

Recently, a manuscript was published with the objective to complete a multivariable and multisite calibration and validation for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model on the Motueka River basin by Cao et al. (2006). Physically based distributed parameter models, such as SWAT, have become a preferred tool to predict watershed response not only at the watershed outlet, but also at inter...

Watersheds are one of the classics problems in topography. Its definition in topography is the ridge or upland between two basins. Figuratively, a drop of water falling in one side of this line flows down until it reaches one lake, river or ocean, whereas a drop falling on the other side flows down to other ocean. The two regions which watershed line separates call the catchment basin, the two ...

A sampling program was conducted to assess the quality of runoff associated with a variety of land uses in the Tijuana River watershed, a binational river basin on the U.S. Mexican border. Generally, metal concentrations in samples collected during the first two to four hours of runoff (early storm) were higher than those in samples collected 24 36 hours into the rain event (late storm). A nota...

The study of water resources at watershed scale is widely adopted as approach to manage, assess and simulate these important natural resources. The development of remote sensing and GIS techniques has allowed the use of spatially and physically based hydrologic models to simulate as simply and realistically as possible the functioning of watershed systems. Indeed, the major constraint that has ...

In the natural environment, microbial community structure of river biofilm is controlled by biotic and abiotic factors. This study explored the capacity to manipulate the structure of microbial communities by modifying environmental conditions during the course of biofilm development. River epilithic biofilm was cultivated in situ on artificial substrates placed parallel to river water flow. Su...

[1] We estimated long‐term annual evapotranspiration (ETQ) at the watershed scale by combining continuous daily streamflow (Q) records, a simplified watershed water balance, and a nonlinear reservoir model. Our analysis used Q measured from 11 watersheds (area ranged from 12 to 1386 km) from the uppermost section of the Neuse River Basin in North Carolina, USA. In this area, forests and agricul...

This thesis provides a rigorous statistical analysis of whether agricultural best management practices (BMPs) have reduced total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) loads from dairy farms in the Cannonsville Reservoir basin in New York State, a drinking water supply for New York City. This paper introduces the use of a simulation model as a control site in a paired watershed analysis as a technique that...