Background: Various studies indicate that life style may influence serum enzyme levels. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of waterpipe smoking, immobilization and darkness stress on serum creatine kinase (CK) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in female rats. Materials and Methods: Female Wistar rats were divided into control, waterpipe smoking, immobilized, under...

BACKGROUND Waterpipe and cigarette smoking have been found to be associated with each other as cigarette smokers were more likely to be waterpipe users than non-cigarette smokers. Also, waterpipe smokers were likely to be former daily cigarette users. The aim of this study is to examine the likelihood of waterpipe use leading to cigarette use among current waterpipe users using theory of planne...

BACKGROUND Waterpipe smoking is becoming a global public health problem, especially in the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR). METHODS We try in this study, which is a cross sectional survey among a representative sample of waterpipe smokers in cafes/restaurants in Aleppo-Syria, to assess the time period for the beginning of this new smoking hype. We recruited 268 waterpipe smokers (161 men, ...

This cross-sectional study examined the differences in barriers to cessation and reasons for quitting smoking among dual smokers of cigarettes and waterpipe tobacco, exclusive cigarette smokers and exclusive waterpipe smokers. Participants were Arab American adults residing in Richmond, Virginia, who were recruited from Middle Eastern grocery stores, restaurants/lounges and faith and charity or...

BACKGROUND Waterpipe tobacco smoking has spread worldwide. However, the evaluation of scientific output in the field of waterpipe tobacco smoking has not been studied yet. The main objectives of this study were to analyze worldwide research output in the waterpipe tobacco smoking field, and to examine the authorship pattern and the citations retrieved from the Scopus database for over a decade....

OBJECTIVES This investigation was performed in order to determine the prevalence rate of waterpipe smoking in students of Erciyes University and the effects of some socio-demographic factors. METHODS A total of 645 students who study the first three grades of the medical faculty and the engineering faculty of Erciyes University were enrolled in the study. A questionnaire including 48 question...

OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence and determinants of waterpipe use among school-going adolescents in Oman. METHODS A cross-sectional, school-based study was conducted in 2003 involving 9 regions of Oman, as part of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey. Participants were requested to complete an anonymous questionnaire containing demographic characteristics, current and previous use of waterpipe ...

INTRODUCTION Waterpipe smoking is harmful and addictive and can be a gateway to cigarette smoking. This study examined the association between curiosity and susceptibility to cigarette smoking among cigarette-naïve US youth who smoke waterpipe using cross-sectional data from the National Youth Tobacco Survey, 2014. METHODS Susceptibility to cigarettes was assessed using a composite index of thr...

A nonrandom sampIe of 2972 Kuwaitis answered a questionnaire about smoking behaviour and beliefs. More than one-third (35%) were nonsmokers, 45% smoked only the waterpipe, 12% only cigarettes and 8% both waterpipe and cigarettes. Compared with cigarette smokers, waterpipe smokers were more likely to be female and to be unskilled manual workers than professionals or students. Waterpipe smokers s...