Sensitivity analysis of temperature-emissivity separation method commonly applied to hyperspectral data to various sources of errors is performed in this paper. In terms of resulting errors in the process of retrieving surface temperature, results show that: (1) Satisfactory results can be obtained for heterogeneous land surfaces and retrieval error of surface temperature is small enough to be ...

Measurements of solar irradiance at the ground have been analyzed to obtain information on absorption from water vapor in the visible and near infrared. Great care has been taken in evaluating the aerosol optical thickness to obtain results compatible with theory. An automatic procedure is presented that eliminates the recordings in which modifications of the aerosol optical properties not moni...

Introduction Conclusions References

Two sets of passive radio observations of Venus-measurements of the spectrum of the disk temperature near the 1-centimeter wavelength, and interferometric measurements of the planetary limb darkening at the 1.35-centimeter water vapor resonance-show no evidence of water vapor in the lower atmosphere of Venus. The upper limit of 2 x 10(-3) for the mixing ratio of water vapor is substantially les...

Delay of the Global Positioning System (GPS) signal due to atmospheric water vapor is a major source of error in GPS surveying. Improved vertical accuracy is important for sea level and polar isostasy measurements, geodesy, normal fault motion, subsidence, earthquake studies, air and ground-based gravimetry, ice dynamics, and volcanology. We conducted a GPS survey using water vapor radiometers ...

The comparison of the integrated precipitable water vapor (IPWV) retrieved by GPS, microwave radiometer, solar spectrometer and radiosondes, operated within the French field campaign ESCOMPTE, shows an overall good agreement. The time dependent relative fluctuation as well as the absolute amount of water vapor match with high accuracy. The software package AWATOS (Atmospheric WAter vapor TOmogr...

The Westford WAter Vapor Experiment (WWAVE) was designed to measure the temporal and spatial variability of the total precipitable water vapor over an area within a 25 km radius of the Haystack Observatory in Westford, MA. The main experiment was conducted from August 15 to August 30, 1995, and a variety of different techniques were used to measure the water vapor, including: radiosondes, launc...

[1] In this paper we present Odin submillimeter radiometer (Odin/SMR) water vapor measurements in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere with focus on the polar latitudes in winter. Measurements since 2003 have been compiled to provide a first overview of the water vapor distribution in this altitude range. Our observations show a distinct seasonal increase of the water vapor concentration...

Water vapor content in the atmosphere is very significant for atmospheric correction of optical remote sensing data. Nowadays, the common atmospheric correction models use a single value of the average water vapor content of the study area to perform atmospheric correction. As the distribution of water vapor content varies greatly with time and space, it is obviously inaccurate to represent the...

The Craig-Gordon evaporative enrichment model of the hydrogen (deltaD) and oxygen (delta(18)O) isotopes of water was tested in a controlled-environment gas exchange cuvette over a wide range (400 per thousand deltaD and 40 per thousand delta(18)O) of leaf waters. (Throughout this paper we use the term "leaf water" to describe the site of evaporation, which should not be confused with "bulk leaf...