BACKGROUND Current priorities for diarrhoeal disease prevention include use of sanitation and safe water. There have been few attempts to quantify the importance of animal faeces in drinking-water contamination, despite the presence of potentially water-borne zoonotic pathogens in animal faeces. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to quantify the relationship between livestock ownership and point-of-...

Vulnerability assessment has become an important element for wise resource management and land use planning. This work examined the sensitivity of karstic aquifers, in the area of Irbid governorate northwest Jordan, to surface contamination by applying the EPIK method, and then compared this susceptibility evaluation to water-chemistry data collected from wells and springs within the area. An a...

the irrigated area of jaguaribe, ceara, brazil is considered important region of agribusiness ofthe country due to the installation of various fruit exporting companies. the present work has as main objectiveinvestigate twelve types of pesticides (molinate, atrazine, methyl parathion, malathion, chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion,pendimenthalin, triazophos, bentazone, azoxystrobin, propiconazole, difen...

Arsenic (As) causes health concerns due to its significant toxicity and worldwide presence in drinking water and groundwater. The major sources of As pollution may be natural process such as dissolution of As-containing minerals and anthropogenic activities such as percolation of water from mines, etc. The maximum contaminant level for total As in potable water has been established as 10 µg/L. ...

Thirty-four permitted earthen waste storage structures (EWSS) were investigated to characterize their hydrogeologic setting using digital soils data, digital elevation data, geologic maps, and oblique aerial photographs. Nearly 18 percent of the sites were constructed above alluvial aquifers and on flood plains. More than half of the area within 3.2 km of most sites had soils with a vertical pe...

In this work, we study optimal and suboptimal control strategies for the treatment of a polluted water resource by using aside a continuous bioreactor. The control consists in choosing the inlet volumetric flow rate for filling the bioreactor with contaminated water from a considered resource (lake, reservoir, watertable...). The treated outflow returns to the resource. We tackle an optimizatio...

Water distribution systems can be vulnerable to microbial contamination through cross-connections, wastewater backflow, the intrusion of soiled water after a loss of pressure resulting from an electricity blackout, natural disaster, or intentional contamination of the system in a bioterrrorism event. The most urgent matter a water treatment utility would face in this situation is detecting the ...

In the densely urbanised Milan Metropolitan area (northern Italy), long history of anthropogenic activities still exerts a significant pressure on groundwater resource. One most serious threats to water quality urban aquifers is attributed diffuse contamination, which caused by series unknown small sources (i.e., multiple point sources) distributed over large areas. study and in many industrial...

background: contamination of water by toxic chemicals has become commonly recognized as an environmental concern. based on our clinical observation in mashhad, northeastern iran, many people might be at risk of exposure to high concentrations of toxic heavy metals in water. because wastewater effluents as well as water wells have been commonly used for irrigation over the past decades, there ha...