Pressure–volume curves were constructed and shoot water potentials measured for +20-year-old black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) trees from four full-sib families growing on a moist site and a dry site at the Petawawa Research Forest, Ontario, to determine whether differences in diurnal water relations traits were related to productivity. To assess the basis for the observed diurnal patter...

Historically, issues of gender, race and the environment have received little attention in mainstream International Relations (IR) scholarship. Great strides have been made, however, in interrogating the inadequacies of the field in these areas and, similarly, in demonstrating the necessity of expanded definitions of security and violence in IR. Despite these strides, mainstream environmental s...

The state plays a central position in theoretical debates in International Relations (IR). Both Realists and Liberals see the state as the central actor in the international system and thereby follow a Western understanding of the state as the holder of the monopoly of force. In the IRsub discipline of security studies new categories such as weak state, quasi state or state failure have created...

The authors used an event-contingent daily recording strategy, the Rochester Interaction Record (RIR), to examine the motivational dynamics of interpersonal relations. Using hierarchical linear modeling, the authors demonstrated that social interactions were more pleasant when participants felt autonomous, competent, and related. Autonomy, competence, and relatedness consistently predicted inte...

Recent rhetoric surrounding the contemporary aid relationship between donors and African states is couched in terms of a high level consensus between western and African political leaderships, a central pillar of which is adherence to liberal principles of governance and economic management. The paper argues that an analysis of the nature of this consensus and its prospects requires that we nee...

Background: water shortage is one of the major factor effects on growth characters and yield most crops. Objective: this study was conducted to get know reactions some Egyptian cotton genotypes deficit. Methods: The genetic materials used in included thirteen belonging Gossypium barbadense L., from Cotton Research Institute (CRI), which devoted establishing experimental for investigation. Resul...

Recently there has been much interest in scaling water flow and species transport at the continuum level to the watershed. A particularly simple and, therefore, appealing approach is based on the water mass balance at the hillslope scale. Such models require parameterization of closure relations (flux–storage relations) based on field data. In several recent studies, this data was instead gener...