objective(s) diabetes mellitus is associated with disturbances of learning and memory and cognitive functioning. aegle marmelos corr. from rutaceae family is widely used in iranian folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. considering the beneficial antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of a. marmelos, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of oral administration of a. mar...

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is the principal model of synaptic plasticity often used to explain the changes that occur in the brain as a result of learning and memory. In this experiment the relationship between rat posterior parietal cortex (PPC) transcallosal evoked field potentials (TCEPs) and spatial training in the water maze was examined to determine if LTP-like changes (i.e. learning-in...

Activation of prefrontal cortical (PFC), striatal, and hippocampal dopamine 1-class receptors (D1R and D5R) is necessary for normal spatial information processing. Yet the precise role of the D1R versus the D5R in the aforementioned structures, and their specific contribution to the water-maze spatial learning task remains unknown. D1R- and D5R-specific in situ hybridization probes showed that ...

Brain injury often impairs a person’s ability to remember. To find new drugs that improve memory after brain injury, scientist must rely on experiments in animals such as rats. But how do you test the rats? One way is use pool of colored water, called Morris water maze. In this maze, rats have “remember” where go get out water. The more rat’s has improved, quicker it finds its (rats not like be...

ABT-089 [2-methyl-3-(2-(S)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy)pyridine dihydrochloride], a novel ligand at neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors with reduced adverse effects and improved oral bioavailability relative to (-)-nicotine, was tested in a variety of cognitive tests in rats and monkeys. Administered acutely, ABT-089 only marginally improved the spatial discrimination water maze performance of s...

Studies rarely assess treatment effects across tasks; the present experiments addressed this issue. In Experiments 1 and 2, rats (n=12) were trained and then tested with variable delays on a spatial match-to-position task sequentially in the water and radial mazes (in counterbalanced order). Experiment 1 compared the effect of 0-, 60- and 1440-min delays on performance in both mazes. Rats requi...

Three groups of water-deprived rats collected water from the ends of the 8-arm radial maze. Sighted subjects, and subjects blinded either with or without pre-enucleation experience on the radial maze, all retrieved the water efficiently. Most of the subjects exhibited the same response stereotypy, regularly choosing 8 adjacent arms of the maze, then stopping in the center of the maze. The strat...

The Morris water maze is widely used to study spatial memory and learning. Animals are placed in a pool of water that is colored opaque with powdered non-fat milk or non-toxic tempera paint, where they must swim to a hidden escape platform. Because they are in opaque water, the animals cannot see the platform, and cannot rely on scent to find the escape route. Instead, they must rely on externa...

T he petroleum ether (60-80°C) ex tract of OcilllulIl sanCIUln root was tested fo r pentobarbitone induced hypnosis in mice. The root extract or vehicle was admi nistered (i.p. ) and after 30 minutes pentobarbito ne sodium (35 mg/kg) was admini stered. The explo ratory behavi our like Water Maze Test was studi ed by imparting training to mice ill a rec tangular tank ha ving holes to escape, fil...