In this paper we study the distributional properties (mean, variance, characteristic function) of the discounted warranty cost (DWC) for general warranty programs including free replacement (FRW) pro rata (PRW) and FRW/PRW in the context of perfect repair. Since only failure times and types are needed in the derivation of these properties, the reliability of the systems is modeled according to ...

Abstract Water-level fluctuation (WLF) is a widespread management action in lakes and reservoirs whose impacts on contaminant fate have seldom been investigated. We used near shore hourly measurements (n = 2122) of turbidity (contaminant proxy) water velocity (sediment resuspension to track high-frequency dynamics during 0.6 m change level observed autumn 2017 large French lake. Simultaneously,...

The problem of determining the optimal warranty period, assumed to coincide with the manufacturer’s lower specification limit for the lifetime of the product, is addressed. It is assumed that the quantity sold depends via a Cobb–Douglas-type demand function on the sale price and on the warranty period, and that both the cost incurred for a non-conforming item and the sale price increase with th...

Clearance forming between rotating shafts and radial lip seals has been investigated both numerically and experimentally at various temperature conditions. Numerical models of clearance forming has been developed taking in account the effect of temperature, defining the material constituting properties according to empiric WLF function. Experiments have been performed with a special apparatus t...

In this article, by considering both a limited number of failure replacements and random working cycles as warranty terms, hybrid (HW) is designed from the manufacturer’s point view to warrant product that does successive projects at cycles. The cost produced HW derived analyzed. By defining warrants product, two types post-warranty replacement models are investigated consumer’s ensure reliabil...

Employing remanufactured and refurbished products are among the new strategies that companies used to raise their profits as well as protects environment. Although used product equipment gives an opportunity to purchase latest technology, customers are doubtful about quality and reliability of these products. Because of limitation that developing countries faces in buying new products, some cou...

The water level fluctuation (WLF) zone is one of the dominant sources total dissolved inorganic nitrogen (TDN) export via net (N) mineralization in Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR). However, antibiotics pollution may impact process TND exports from WLF TGR, especially under drying-rewetting processes and climate warming, thus increasing risk eutrophication tributaries TGR. effects Griseofulvin (GIN...