Large-eddy simulations described here have included the effect of canopy drag through the depth of a plant canopy. Specifically, we have considered the simulation of flow through a forest. Drag forces enter the simulation with the inclusion of form and viscous drag forces in the momentum equation. In addition, we have carried a variable to represent the kinetic energy (KE) associated with the t...

It is important to understand tidal stream turbine performance and flow field, if tidal energy is to advance. The operating condition of a tidal stream turbine with a supporting structure has a significant impact on its performance and wake recovery. The aim of this work is to provide an understanding of turbine submerged depth that governs the downstream wake structure and its recovery to the ...

A short series of experiments was conducted with the aim of assessing the possible effect of tunnel blockage on spanwise correlation lengths measured in the near-wake of a circular cylinder. The results indicate that increasing blockage acts to increase spanwise correlation. This finding has important implications for the conduct and reporting of both physical and numerical experiments on bluff...

The relationship between seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and subjective quality of sleep/wake cycle in adolescents was explored. The Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (SPAQ-CA) and Mini Sleep Questionnaire (MSQ) were administered to 345 adolescents living in the city of Cesena (Emilia-Romagna region, Italy) (299 females; age range: 14-18 years), to determi...

The effect of weak buoyancy on the laminar flow of a fluid with kinematic viscosity ν, isobaric expansion coefficient β past a isothermally heated horizontal plate of length L and temperature T∞+∆T is aligned under a small angle of attack φ to the oncoming free stream (velocity U∞, temperature T∞) will be investigated in the distinguished limit of large Reynolds numbers Re with the “reduced” bu...

In the current study, twin wind blades are designed, fabricated and the effect of various gap ratio (g*) at various angle of attacks (α) on a next to each other twin wind blades are examined in an open-channel wind tunnel. Aerodynamic forces and moments are determined by using three-constraint force balancer. For gap ratio of zero, the aerodynamic attributes are like those of a solitary wind bl...

The interaction between wakes of bluff body and airfoil have profound influences on system performance in many industrial applications, e.g., turbo-machinery and cooling fan. The present work investigates the effect of configuration include; airfoil’s angle of attack, transverse and inline spacing of the models, on frequency behavior of the cylinder’s near-wake. The experiments carried on under...

To improve the understanding of the unsteady behavior of supercavitating flows, the author used a three-dimensional Navier-Stokes code (CFDRC, 2000) to model the two-phase flow field around a hemisphere cylinder. The governing equations are discretized on a structured grid using an upwind difference scheme. For different body shapes and cavitation numbers, the cavity shape was determined over t...

In altricial species, such as humans and rats, much of the development of autonomic systems occurs postnatally. Consequently, vulnerabilities exist early in postnatal development when immature autonomic functions are challenged by external factors such as variations in ambient temperature (Ta). Ta profoundly influences sleep/wake state structure in adult animals and humans, and exposure to exce...

Results are reported on the modification of the wing download due to a rotor wake interaction, using surface blowing. Previously, the wake/wing interaction flowfield has been studied qualitatively and quantitatively using surface pressure fields and off-surface velocity fields. The development of spanwise flows had been shown, along with the effects on surface pressure and download and when a t...