Continuously moving objects sometimes appear to spontaneously reverse their motion direction. The mechanisms underlying this bistable phenomenon (the “continuous wagon wheel illusion”) are heavily debated, but one interpretation suggests that motion information is perceived in discrete episodes at a rate between 10 and 15 Hz. Here, we asked observers to report the perceived direction of a conti...

During an excavation of a Bronze Age, Füzesabony-culture cemetery at Encs (north-eastern Hungary), clay wagon model with spoked wheels (grave 1290) and three miniature solid were found 1389). Miniature wheel models in burials began to appear the Late Copper Age lasted until Iron Central Europe. Their presence allows several interpretations. These grave 1290 provide early evidence about appearan...

Abstract The interaction of the wheel and rail, being physical basis for movement trains, determines not only such important technical economic indicators railway transport as weight trains their speed, reliability operational life sets, but also foundations operation - safety train traffic. Therefore, studies problems wheel-rail friction pair are relevant in demand within framework a particula...

Abstract The location of wagon gravity center for a loaded is underestimated in vehicle–track coupled system. asymmetric wheel load distribution due to loading offset significantly affects the wheel-rail contact state and seriously deteriorates curving performance conjunction with height cant deficiency. Optimizing cruising velocity, therefore, interest prevent derailment promote transport capa...

Using the network etch rate function model, the anisotropic etch rate of p-type single crystal silicon was characterised in terms of microscopic properties including step velocity, step and terrace roughening. The anisotropic etch rate data needed have been obtained using a combination of 2 wagon wheel patterns on different substrate and 1 offset trench pattern. Using this procedure the influen...

The occurrence of perceived reversed motion while observers view a continuous, periodically moving stimulus (a bistable phenomenon coined the "continuous Wagon Wheel Illusion" or "c-WWI") has been taken as evidence that some aspects of motion perception rely on discrete sampling of visual information. Alternative accounts rely on the possibility of a motion aftereffect that may become visible e...