this paper tries to survey and estimate non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment (nairu) and potential output. it uses the unobserved components model to propose a new method. the model consists of ukan law equations and philips curve. it uses unobservable key economic variable in the form of unobserved random trends in an equation system of three variables namely unemployment, gross dom...

This paper argues that a risk averse of workers after-tax reservation wage the difference between her reservation wage and the tax needed to fund the unemployment insurance system when liquidity constraint binds exists and it is unique. The optimality of unemployment insurance based on the responsiveness of reservation wage to unemployment benefit shows the disincentive effect, i.e. higher unem...

BACKGROUND It has been argued that the association between job strain and health could be confounded by early life exposures, and studies have shown early adversity to increase individual vulnerability to later stress. We therefore investigated if early life exposure to adversity increases the individual's physiological vulnerability job strain in adulthood. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In ...

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      In recent years, due to the significant demographic changes and increasing young population in the country, including Kurdistan, there was too much demand for the labor, and it causes unemployed persons. In this study, the unemployment rate in Kurdistan province has been studied with emphasis on the youth. The main question was the trend of unemployment rate of the young population? Secon...

vulnerability and contamination risk assessment is of great importance in karst aquifer management. because of vastness of karst in zagros, natural conditions and human activity within the region of aquifer, pollution emission has become one of the most important challenges in front of zagros aquifers. the purpose of this study is to assess marab aquifer vulnerability, using riske model and, de...

according to non-existence of accurate inspection tools on various steps of design and construction of buildings in the past, also due to any change in function of some structures and finally of seismic activities of residential regions of the country, vulnerability assessment of existing structures is necessary. evaluation of vulnerability of the structures is classified in two categories, qua...