A complete cDNA copy of the fourth RNA segment of the human group B rotavirus adult diarrheal rotavirus (ADRV) has been cloned into lambda phage and excised into plasmid pSK Bluescript. Gene segment 4 contains 2,303 bases and encodes one long open reading frame beginning at base 16 and terminating at base 2263. The encoded protein contains 749 amino acids, with a calculated molecular mass of 84...

In common with all nonenveloped viruses, the mechanism of picornavirus membrane penetration during cell entry is poorly understood. The small, myristylated capsid protein VP4 has been implicated in this process. Here we show that recombinant VP4 of human rhinovirus 16 has the ability to associate with and induce membrane permeability in otherwise intact liposomes. This provides further evidence...

The epidemiology of animal rotaviruses infection and their association with illnesses in humans remains unknown Central America the world. In this study, we performed a genotyping rotavirus strains by RT-PCR for-G (VP7) P (VP4), samples diarrhea calves piglets, Honduras Panama. Mixed infections combinations genotypes G (VP4) were identified Honduras: 3 (4%) G2P [6], 2 (2%) [4], piglets: 4 (5%) ...

Rotavirus infections are the most common causes of infectious diarrhea in young children worldwide. We performed a genotyping rotavirus strains by RT-PCR for G (VP7) and P (VP4), Anadara tuberculosa, Lactuca sativa feces samples with collected Panama. Combinations genotypes (VP4) were identified tuberculosa: 30 (15%) corresponding to G12P[8], 26 (13%) G12P[6], 28 (14%) G1P[8], 7 (3.5%) G2P [6]....

Bacteriophage VP4 is a lytic phage of the Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1, and it is used in phage subtyping of V. cholerae biotype El Tor. Studies of phage infection mechanisms will promote the understanding of the basis of phage subtyping as well as the genetic differences between sensitive and resistant strains. In this study, we investigated the receptor that phage VP4 uses to bind to El Tor s...

Preparations of density gradient-purified infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) were found to contain full and empty icosahedral virions, type I tubules with a diameter of about 60 nm, and type II tubules 24 to 26 nm in diameter. By immunoelectron microscopy we demonstrate that virions and both types of tubular structures specifically react with anti-IBDV serum. In infected cells intracytoplas...

Studies of rotavirus morphogenesis, transport, and release have shown that although these viruses are released from the apical surface of polarized intestinal cells before cellular lysis, they do not follow the classic exocytic pathway. Furthermore, increasing evidence suggests that lipid rafts actively participate in the exit of rotavirus from the infected cell. In this study, we silenced the ...

During entry into host cells, poliovirus undergoes a receptor-mediated conformational transition to form 135S particles with irreversible exposure of VP4 capsid sequences and VP1 N termini. To understand the role of VP4 during virus entry, the fate of VP4 during infection by site-specific mutants at threonine-28 of VP4 (4028T) was compared with that of the parental Mahoney type 1 virus. Three v...

Rotaviruses are triple-layered particles that contain four major capsid proteins, VP2, VP4, VP6, and VP7, and two minor proteins, VP1 and VP3. We have cloned each of the rotavirus genes coding for a major capsid protein into the baculovirus expression system and expressed each protein in insect cells. Coexpression of different combinations of the rotavirus major structural proteins resulted in ...

How nonenveloped viruses such as simian virus 40 (SV40) trigger the lytic release of their progeny is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that SV40 expresses a novel later protein termed VP4 that triggers the timely lytic release of its progeny. Like VP3, VP4 synthesis initiates from a downstream AUG start codon within the VP2 transcript and localizes to the nucleus. However, VP4 expression...