The goal of this study was to identify and compare body composition (BC) variables in elite female athletes (age ± years): volleyball (27.4 ± 4.1), softball (23.6 ± 4.9), basketball (25.9 ± 4.2), soccer (23.2 ± 4.2) and handball (24.0 ± 3.5) players. Fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass, percentage of fat mass (FMP), body cell mass (BCM), extracellular mass (ECM), their ratio, the percentage of BCM in...

Background and Study Aim. The relationship between the 2nd digit (2D) 4th (4D) provides much preliminary information about physiological, psychological, psychomotor characteristics of individuals. Although there are many studies on 2D:4D ratio, number investigating ratio in different sports is limited. Therefore, purpose this study to determine posterior thigh muscle length, handgrip strength s...

PURPOSE To determine the rate of eye injury sustained in 12 college sports in order to assess whether there is a high risk of ocular eye injury in some sports. METHODS From the fall of 1990 through the spring of 2006 at an NCAA Division III college, all ocular injuries that occurred while participating in a varsity sport and reported to the training room were retrospectively analyzed to obtai...

the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship of the perception of the peer motivational climate, stress and the weekly training with burnout in junior elite athletes of kerman province. the statistical population consisted of 120 male elite athletes from kerman province from individual and team sports (table tennis, karate, taekwondo, badminton, cycling, handball, volleyball...

This article systematically reviews epidemiological studies on sports injury from 1977 to 2005 in which ankle injury was included. A total of 227 studies reporting injury pattern in 70 sports from 38 countries were included. A total of 201,600 patients were included, with 32,509 ankle injuries. Ankle injury information was available from 14,098 patients, with 11 847 ankle sprains. Results show ...

OBJECTIVE The present cross-sectional study aims to identify the most common knee injuries in athletes cared at a Specialized Outpatient Clinics. METHOD Analysis of patients cared at the Knee Outpatient Clinics of a Sports Trauma Center, divided by gender, age and diagnosed injury. RESULTS Initially 440 patients were divided into 33 types of sports; after excluding the less statistically si...

BACKGROUND The prevalence of jumper's knee among nonelite athletes from different sports is unknown. PURPOSE This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of jumper's knee in nonelite athletes from different sports and to determine potential risk factors for jumper's knee. DESIGN Cohort study (prevalence); Level of evidence, 2. METHODS The authors interviewed 891 male and female n...

one of the actions needed to be taken towards the growth and expansion of entrepreneurship is to provide grounds for creation of entrepreneurial culture in a community. entrepreneurial culture is a collection of values, attitudes, norms, and behaviors   which form the identities of entrepreneurs. the principal objective of this research is to investigate the effect of entrepreneurial attitude o...