Silent reading fluency has received limited attention in the school-based literatures across the past decade. We fill this gap by examining both oral and silent reading fluency and their relation to overall abilities in reading comprehension in fourth-grade students. Lower-level reading skills (word reading, rapid automatic naming) and vocabulary were included in structural equation models in o...

[First paragraph] Vocabulary development is a cornerstone in second language acquisition, without which communication almost impossible. by nature dynamic and complex phenomenon. It the sense that it marked constant learners. also because consists of multitude components sub-components. Knowing about most recent findings vocabulary, especially from research learning perspectives, essential for ...

Deaf children generally are found to have smaller English vocabularies than hearing peers, although studies involving children with cochlear implants have suggested that the gap may decrease or disappear with age. Less is known about the vocabularies of deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) postsecondary students or how their vocabulary knowledge relates to other aspects of academic achievement. This ...

Healthcare is a complex environment where the communication occurs among different actors, such as clinicians, doctors, nurses, and patients and their relatives. The communication deals with complex and interconnecting concepts and is often affected by uncertainty. Consequently, the sender should tailor the communication having in mind the receivers’ understanding abilities. In particular, the ...

More than a century of research shows that increasing the gap between study episodes using the same material can enhance retention, yet little is known about how this so-called distributed practice effect unfolds over nontrivial periods. In two three-session laboratory studies, we examined the effects of gap on retention of foreign vocabulary, facts, and names of visual objects, with test delay...

There is a wide gulf between the formal logics used by logicians to describe agents and the informal vocabulary used by people who actually build robotic agents. In an effort to help bridge the gap, this paper applies techniques borrowed from the field of formal software methods to develop a common vocabulary. Terms useful for discussing agents are given formal definitions. A framework for desc...