BACKGROUND Single measurements of peak oxygen uptake (VO2) have been shown to predict mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) although no longitudinal study of serial measurements has been reported in children. A study was undertaken to determine whether the initial, final, or the rate of fall of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) or peak VO2 was a better predictor of mortality...

BACKGROUND Nonexercise models were developed to predict maximal oxygen consumption (VO2(max)). While these models are accurate, they don't consider smoking, which negatively impacts measured VO2(max). The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of smoking on both measured and predicted VO2(max). METHODS Indirect calorimetry was used to measure VO2(max) in 2,749 men and women. Physica...

Prior heavy exercise markedly alters the O2 uptake (VO2) response to subsequent heavy exercise. However, the time required for VO2 to return to its normal profile following prior heavy exercise is not known. Therefore, we examined the VO2 responses to repeated bouts of heavy exercise separated by five different recovery durations. On separate occasions, nine male subjects completed two 6-min bo...

VO2-based thin films exhibit great potential applications in thermochromic smart windows. However, it is still a challenge to synergistically achieve the high luminous transmittance (Tlum) and large solar modulation (ΔTsol). In this paper, antireflective (AR) TiO2/VO2 are designed through optical simulations, with optimized film thickness prepared by magnetron sputtering. The overall performanc...

PURPOSE The purposes of the present study were to (a) modify previously published VO2(max) equations using the constant error (CE) values for aerobically trained females, (b) cross-validate the modified equations to determine their accuracy for estimating VO2(max) in aerobically trained females, (c) derive a new nonexercise-based equation for estimating VO2(max) in aerobically trained females i...

We have studied 73, top level Indian sportsmen for VO2 max and heart rates during work and recovery. High negative values of 'r' between VO2 max and heart rate during work and recovery have been observed. Absolute VO2 max, VO2 max/kg body wt/min and VO2 max/kg lean body mass/min are found to play an important role in influencing recovery of heart rate, more so in the initial phases. A similar t...

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) undergoes a reversible metal-insulator transition, normally at ~68 ̊C. While the properties of continuous semi-transparent coatings of VO2 are well known, there is far less information available concerning the potential use of discrete VO2 nanoparticles as a thermochromic pigment in opaque coatings. Individual VO2 nanoparticles undergo a localized plasmon resonance with ne...

How to enhance the optical nonlinearity of saturable absorption materials is an important question to improve the functionality of various applications ranging from the high power laser to photonic computational devices. We demonstrate the saturable absorption (SA) of VO2 film attributed to the large difference of optical nonlinearities between the two states of the phase-transition materials (...

INTRODUCTION K4b2 (COSMED Srl Italy) is a portable device that is considered valid and reliable for measuring oxygen uptake (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) under laboratory conditions. OBJECTIVES Evaluate the test-retest reliability of K4b2 during walking, stair climbing and descending stairs under free living conditions. METHODS Twelve participants completed two self-selected co...

Background Reduced exercise capacity is a common feature of many cardiovascular diseases. Quantitative assessment of exercise capacity is usually achieved by measuring peak oxygen consumption (VO2). However, measuring peak VO2 alone neglects the different components of reduced exercise capacity: namely reduced cardiac output (CO) and oxygen extraction (ΔcO2). A better approach would be to simul...