CONTEXT Because of the lack of accurate values for mechanically applied forces in osteopathic manipulative treatment, osteopathic physicians must apply mechanical forces intuitively. However, excessive loading and high velocity maneuvers carry risks for patients. OBJECTIVE To determine the loads required to produce compression, shear, extension, and twist on biceps muscle during manual therap...

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of ibuprofen, viscoelastic bite wafers, and chewing gum in reducing orthodontic pain. METHODS This randomized clinical trial included 50 girls between the ages of 13 and 18 years classified into 5 groups of 10 each: placebo, ibuprofen (400 mg), chewing gum, soft viscoelastic wafer, and hard viscoelastic wafer. The patients in each...

In real systems, the phenomena, such as pipe-wall viscoelasticity, unsteady friction or fluid structure interaction induce additional damping and dispersion of transient pressure waves than that defined by classical waterhammer. In this paper, unsteady friction models and viscoelastic damping models will be presented and a theoretical formulation of the viscoelastic damping in piping systems wi...

The microscopic structure of a plant cell wall is given by cellulose microfibrils embedded in a cell wall matrix. In this paper we consider a microscopic model for interactions between viscoelastic deformations of a plant cell wall and chemical processes in the cell wall matrix. We consider elastic deformations of the cell wall microfibrils and viscoelastic Kelvin–Voigt type deformations of the...

S U M M A R Y We examine the effects of rheological layering on post-seismic deformation using models of an elastic layer over a viscoelastic layer and a viscoelastic half-space. We extend a general linear viscoelastic theory we have previously proposed to models with two layers over a half-space, although we only consider univiscous Maxwell and biviscous Burgers rheologies. In layered viscoela...

Almost all of biological tissues are viscoelastic and their viscoelastic mechanical properties are important in their characteristic functions. This is because constituents of tissues  cells, extracellular matrices, structural proteins, and so on  are viscoelastic. Even hard tissues have been shown to be viscoelastic. For long, main sample material for investigating the viscoelasticity has be...

We report theoretical and numerical results on thermal convection of a magnetic fluid in a viscoelastic carrier liquid. The viscoelastic properties are described by a general nonlinear viscoelastic model that contains as special cases the standard phenomenological constitutive equations for the stress tensor. In order to explore numerically the system we perform a truncated Galerkin expansion o...

Background Achilles tendon (AT) ruptures are common in the middle age population; however, the pathophysiology and influence of age on AT ruptures is not fully understood. This study evaluates the effect and interactions between, strain and age on the in vitro biomechanical properties of ATs. Methods Bilateral ATs were harvested from 17 young (8 months) and 14 middle-aged (24 months) rats and...

Linear and non-linear rheological properties of wheat gliadin and glutenin suspensions were investigated at various concentrations. Linear dynamic viscoelastic properties for both gliadin and glutenin were strongly dependent on concentration. For gliadins, the storage moduli (G 0), loss moduli (G00), and phase shifts dramatically changed within a narrow concentration range, indicating that glia...

In the present paper, we consider the problem on a transverse impact of a viscoelastic sphere upon an elastic Bernoulli-Euler beam in a viscoelastic medium, the viscoelastic features of which are described by certain viscoelastic operators. The Young’s modulus of the impactor is the timedependent operator, which is defined via the standard linear solid fractional derivative model, while the bul...