A method termed hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) was utilized to extract three chlorophenols, 2-chlorophenol (2-CP), 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP), separately from water. The extracted chlorophenols were then separated, identified, and quantified by UV-Vis spectrophotometry with photodiode array detection (UV-Vis/DAD). In the study, experi...

Two studies investigated comparison choices among ethnic minorities and majorities. The perceived status of the self vis-à-vis these targets was also assessed. Antecedents and consequences of comparisons and relative deprivation were examined. Predictions were derived from Social Comparison, Stigma, Social Identity, and Relative Deprivation research. Two surveys were conducted: in London with m...

Once a paper with this title could have started with a summary of India’s linguistic and religious diversity backed up by a table or two of official population statistics showing various majority-minority configurations. Today many readers would find that unsatisfactory. Most contemporary students of the subject subscribe to some kind of a constructivist position vis-à-vis identities: that they...

The author defines ethnicity as a community which enables a reproduction of culture. i.e. a system of moral regulation within communities. Cultural identity of a community is a means by which it affirms its moral value vis-à-vis others. The elements of culture (language, religion, customs, historical legacy) serve to an ethnic community for defining borders towards other communities. Nationalis...

Building on Harrison and Zappen’s (2003) contention that technologies are infused with the values and social goals of their creators, I argue that Web content reproduces existing norms, rules, and power relations, some of which may prove inimical to Black identity, culture, and information needs. To explore this claim, I construct a culturespecific framework based on W. E. B. DuBois’ analysis o...

We examined the interactive effects of ethnic identification (EI) and race-based rejection sensitivity (RS-race) on institutional outcomes among African American college students. We distinguished between effects on institutional identification on the one hand and academic goal pursuit (e.g., staying in school, grade point average [GPA]) on the other. Supporting the utility of this distinction,...

We show that the set of ultimately true sentences in Hartry Field’s Revenge-immune solution model to the semantic paradoxes is recursively isomorphic to the set of stably true sentences obtained in Hans Herzberger’s revision sequence starting from the null hypothesis. We further remark that this shows that a substantial subsystem of second order number theory is needed to establish the semantic...

In traditional news media, professional journalists are expected to follow the norms and practices created perpetuated in field maintain autonomy authority. Social media spaces lay outside these institutional boundaries, serving as public, semi-public, private for connection, interaction, publication, amplification, well commodification of personal users, including professionals. This has given...

Friedrich von Hayek’s The Sensory Order (1952) presents a physicalist identity theory of the human mind. In a reaction to Karl Popper’s criticism that such a “causal” theory of the mind cannot explain the descriptive and critical-argumentative functions of language, Hayek wrote a paper that was never published. It contains the description of a thought experiment of two communicating automata. T...