Incident HIV infections refl ect the inadequacy of prevention strategies, and the failure to adequately use proven eff ective interventions. Following compelling evidence from three independent community trials in South Africa, Uganda, and Kenya, WHO and the Joint UN Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) recommended that voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) should be part of a comprehensive HIV ...

This paper seeks to describe the overall state of Rural Solid Waste Management (RSWM) in China in three main areas: waste collection services, waste transportation services and waste disposal services. Given China’s urbanization, industrialization, and the subsequent improvement of household living standards, the amount of solid waste generated in rural China has increased rapidly. Based on pri...

PURPOSE To determine the burden of trachoma and its related risk factors amongst the native population of Car-Nicobar Island in India. METHODS Rapid assessment for trachoma was conducted in ten villages of Car-Nicobar Island according to standard WHO guidelines. An average of 50 children aged 1-9 years were assessed clinically for signs of active trachoma and facial cleanliness in each villag...

1937. Public Health, Punjab, in Ma* orted from two The outbreak had been 1fl and Salehwali. adjoining villages, Yusufwa ^ consisted These, like other villages m ^_Walled huts of a few isolated hamlets o ounded by an with thatched roofs and weres c0vered with extensive area of junsj? noDulation of bot brushwood and scrub. The 1 individuals, the villages consisted of abou icUitural purmost of who...

Hillier and other researchers combined analysis of urban grids using axial maps with counts of pedestrian movements. They recognised the influence these grids played on pedestrian movements in cities and developed the ‘law of natural movement’ in which urban grids are principal generators of pedestrian movement and starting point for a city’s development into specialised ‘generative’ and ‘conse...

Free-roaming dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) are of public health and conservation concern because of their potential to transmit diseases, such as rabies, to both people and wildlife. Understanding domestic dog population dynamics and how they could potentially be impacted by interventions, such as rabies vaccination, is vital for such disease control efforts. For four years, we measured demogra...

BACKGROUND The aim of the STRIPES trial was to assess the effectiveness of providing supplementary, remedial teaching and learning materials (and an additional 'kit' of materials for girls) on a composite of language and mathematics test scores for children in classes two, three and four in public primary schools in villages in the Nagarkurnool division of Andhra Pradesh, India. METHODS STRIP...

COMMENTARY good doctors for indian villages "Knowledge advances NOT by repeating known facts; but by REFUTING false dogmas " Karl Popper The usual complaints from politicians are that doctors do not go to villages. They try and devise quick-fix measures; some of them might even look draconian. Nothing seems to work in the long run. I have been hearing this for decades. In the year 1982 I had wr...

extended in an oblique direction 3 inches into the substance of the tumour stopping short of the tunica vaginalis. The right sac was empty, the left contained some chylous dropsical fluid. There was no doubt that the sores had been produced during life. In the contents of bottle containing portions of the tumour, scrotal sac, testicle, and some of the fluid removed from the sac, the Chemical Ex...

service have been in progress through the formation of health units, that the question of ^proving and extending water supplies in the rural areas has received attention and that the provision of a cheap but satisfactorysystem of night-soil disposal has also been Under investigation. A health unit is an Organization set up in an area with a population approximately 40,000 for the purpose of stu...