Kitchen waste could be processed and recycled into safe fertilizers/soil improvers for sustainable agriculture through different methods: (1) Dried pellets from model kitchen treated with anaerobic effective microorganisms; (2) Anaerobically digested waste. For comparison, a commercial mineral fertilizer was used. These methods were applied in two separate glasshouse experiments: one under cool...

The mechanism of the action of chemical bread improvers has recently been the subject of wide discussion. J0rgensen (9, 10, 11 j 12,13),^ and Balls and Hale (2, 3) have advanced the theory that the improvement of baking quality caused by oxidizing agents, such as potassium brómate and potassium iodate, is due to the fact that they inactivate the proteinases of flour, thereby inhibiting the acti...

Investigations were conducted on the level of the overall proteolytic activity in flour fractions as well as fine and bruise bran, obtained from four varieties of wheat (‘Zyta’, ‘Pegassus’, ‘Sukces’, ‘Tonacja’), subjected to pre-harvest sprouting. Moreover, an analysis was conducted on the effect of pre-harvest sprouting on the functional properties of flour, determining the physical properties...

Physical activity levels in young adults are low. Research supports the use of the Transtheoretical Model of behaviour change (TM) in designing physical activity interventions. This study used a pre-post randomized control design to investigate the effectiveness of a self-instructional intervention for helping sedentary young adults to initiate physical activity. Post-intervention, significantl...

Cassava is widely available worldwide but bread quality is impaired when cassava is used in the bread formulation. To overcome this problem, different improvers were tested in the preparation of composite cassava-maize-wheat (CMW) breads. Emulsifiers, diacetyl tartic acid ester of monoglycerides (DATEM), sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate (SSL), and lecithin (LC); and hydrocolloids, carboxymethylcellu...

Rates of iron deficiency are high amongst healthy young women. Cognitive impairment occurs secondary to iron deficiency in infants and children, but evaluation of the impact on cognition among young women is inconsistent. The aim was to determine the suitability of the IntegNeuro test battery for assessing cognitive function in iron-deficient and iron-sufficient young women. A pilot double-blin...

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We present the first class of mathematically rigorous, general, fully self-referential, self-improving, optimally efficient problem solvers. Inspired by Kurt Gödel’s celebrated self-referential formulas (1931), such a problem solver rewrites any part of its own code as soon as it has found a proof that the rewrite is useful, where the problem-dependent utility function and the hardware and the ...