Urinary tract infection is common in children. Before the age of 6 months; boys are more susceptible to UTI than girls thereafter, the incidence is substantially higher in girls than in boys .Up to 11.3% of girls and 3.6% of boys studied in UK will have had an UTI by age 16years .UTI is usually caused by gram-negative organisms, especially Escherichia coli which accounts for about 80% of all pa...

We discuss the case of a 13-year old boy with urinary infection who was preoperatively diagnosed with left vesicoureteral reflux associated with paraurethral saccule. Laparoscopic Lich-Gregoir anti-reflux surgery was then proposed. Intraoperatively, we observed segmental megaureter that was successfully treated by the proposed technique without ureteral modeling, contrary to the rule that respe...

Reflux nephropathy is thought to be the etiology for renal maldevelopment. We present two boys with fetal hydronephrosis and sterile vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). There was lack of renal growth of the refluxing renal units on surveillance renal ultrasound. Parents elected to undergo open ureteral reimplants. Post-surgical ultrasounds demonstrated improved renal growth.

PURPOSE We report a technique and outcome of endoscopic trigonoplasty II (ET II), anti-reflux surgery via a transvesicostomy transurethral approach and discuss its usefulness. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen female patients, aged 5 to 64, with 23 refluxing ureters (grade I : 5, II : 2, III : 14, IV : 2) underwent the ET II. The principle of this surgery is tightening the muscular backing and el...

BACKGROUND Two-dimensional (2DUS) contrast enhanced voiding urosonography has been used in the diagnosis and treatment monitoring of the vesicoureteral reflux in children for over 15 years. The opportunity of performing this examination with the use of three-dimensional static (3DUS) and real-time (4DUS) techniques opens up new diagnostic horizons. OBJECTIVE To analyze if 3DUS/4DUS bring addi...

BACKGROUND The purpose of the present paper was to evaluate the clinical features of primary vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR) in Thai children. METHODS Children with primary VUR attending in the Nephrology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Prince of Songkla University between 1987-2002 were studied. RESULTS Sixty-five girls and 60 boys with primary VUR were evaluated. Age of diagnosis was sig...

We studied 20 cases of neurogenic bladder with vesico-ureteral reflux retrospectively. Seven patients voided with Valsalva's maneuver and 12 patients were managed with clean intermittent catheterization, but one patient required permanent urinary diversion because of uncontrollable urinary tract infection. The patients were followed by intravenous pyelography, radioisotope renogram, voiding cys...

Vesicoureteral reflux is uncommonly diagnosed and treated after puberty. The natural history of uncorrected VUR after puberty is not documented. Postpubertal patients with recurrent pyelonephritis and VUR should be considered for treatment. Ureteral reimplantation, endoscopic injections, and laparoscopic or robotic ureteral reimplantation may be utilized. Endoscopic injection is an appealing op...