We measured the air–water CO2 flux in four coastal regions (two coral reefs, one estuary, and one coastal brackish lake) using a chamber method, which has the highest spatial resolution of the methods available for measuring coastal air–water gas flux. Some of the measurements were considerably higher than expected from reported wind-dependent relationships. The average k600 values for Shiraho ...

in this article, a transversely isotropic linear elastic half-space with depth wise isotropy axis of material containing a cylindrical cavity of finite length is considered to be under the effect of an arbitrary torsion force applied on the wall of the cavity. to this end, the equation of equilibrium has been written in a cylindrical coordinate system, by dividing the involved domain to two reg...

Extended images obtained from reverse-time migration (RTM) contain information about the accuracy of the velocity field and subsurface illumination at different incidence angles. Here, we evaluate the influence of errors in the anisotropy parameters on the residual moveout (RMO) in P-wave extended images obtained with RTM for VTI (transversely isotropic with a vertical symmetry axis) media. Ass...

The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of intact rocks is one of the key parameters in the course of site characterizations. The isotropy/anisotropy condition of the UCS of intact rocks is dependent on the internal structure of the rocks. The rocks with a random grain structure exhibit an isotropic behavior. However, the rocks with a linear/planar grain structure generally behave transversely-...

A new ray-based approach for converting multicomponent normal moveout uncorrected offset domain prestack seismic data into angles is presented. From any two-way zero-offset time sample and a given angle of incidence, the exact ray and a few neighboring rays that contribute to the given angle of incidence are traced through the medium to their corresponding source and receiver locations to compu...

I develop an implicit finite-difference migration algorithm for tilted transversely isotropic (TTI) media. I approximate the dispersion relation of TTI media with a rational function series, whose coefficients are estimated by least-squares optimization. The dispersion relation of TTI media is not a symmetric function, so an odd rational function series is required in addition to the even one. ...

We have studied the velocity dispersion of guided waves in transversely isotropic formations. Theoretical velocity dispersion curves were calculated with elastic constants based on laboratory and field measurements and compared to dispersion curves for isotropic formations having the same vertical po and S-wave velocities. The symmetry axis for the transverse isotropy was parallel to the boreho...