Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) was used to determine the effect of ambient probe incidence angle on the amount and direction of analyte molecules transported from the sample surface for desorption electrospray ionization (DESI). Incidence angle was critical to both the lateral dispersion and vertical take-off angles of analyte molecules desorbed from the surface; as t...

The NLC extraction line provides a secondary focal point with a low β function and 2 cm dispersion which can be used for measurement of the beam energy spectrum. In this study, tracking simulations were performed to transport the 0.5 TeV electron beam from the Interaction Point (IP) to the secondary focus (SF), “measure” the resultant transverse beam profile and reconstruct the disrupted IP ene...

ewline"> Dispersion of heavy gases is considered to be more hazardous than the passive ones because it takes place more slowly. ...

In this paper we present analytic formulas to estimaie the vertical emittance in weakly coupled electron/positron storage rings. We consider contributions from both the vertical dispersion and linear coupling of the betatron motions. In addition to simple expressions for random misalignments and rotations of the magnets, formulas are presented to calculate the vertical emittance ,blowup due to ...

A new water-wave model has been derived which is based on variational techniques and combines a depth-averaged vertical (component of) vorticity with depth-dependent potential flow. The model facilitates the further restriction of the vertical profile of the velocity potential to n-th order polynomials or a finite-element profile with a small number of elements (say), leading to a framework for...

A strongly coupled, chirped Bragg grating made by sinusoidally modulating the sidewalls of a silicon waveguide is designed, fabricated, and experimentally characterized. By varying the device parameters, the operating wavelength, device bandwidth, sign (normal or anomalous), and magnitude of group-velocity dispersion may be engineered for specific photonic applications. Asymmetric Blackman apod...

Teleseismic P-wave receiver functions and surface-wave dispersion measurements can be employed to simultaneously infer the shear-wave velocity distribution with depth in the lithosphere. Receiver functions are primarily sensitive to shear-wave velocity contrasts and vertical travel times and surface-wave dispersion measurements are sensitive to vertical shear-wave velocity averages, so that the...

We find solid evidence for diffuse Hi gas at substantial z heights in our Galaxy, with a velocity dispersion of σ = 60 km s −1 and a vertical projected column density of N Hi = 1.4 · 10 19 cm −2. This pervasive component of the emission spectrum could be identified in the Leiden/Dwingeloo 21-cm Survey (LDS) after increasing the accuracy further by correcting the observations for reflections fro...

The spatial distribution of stars in a disk of a galaxy can be described by a radial scale length and a vertical scale height. The ratio of these two scale parameters contains information on the axis ratio of the velocity ellipsoid, i.e. the ratio of the vertical to radial stellar velocity dispersions of the stars, at least at some fiducial distance from the center. The radial velocity dispersi...