The study of chromosome evolution is undergoing a resurgence interest owing to advances in DNA sequencing technology that facilitate the production chromosome-scale whole-genome assemblies de novo. This review focuses on history, methods, discoveries, and current challenges facing field, with an emphasis vertebrate genomes. A detailed examination literature biology rearrangements presented, spe...

Developmental biology is today unimaginable without the normal stages that define standard divisions of development. This history of normal stages, and the related normal plates and normal tables, shows how these standards have shaped and been shaped by disciplinary change in vertebrate embryology. The article highlights the Normal Plates of the Development of the Vertebrates edited by the Germ...

Abstract Octopuses are highly intelligent animals with vertebrate-like cognitive and behavioural repertoires. Despite these similarities, vertebrate-based models of cognition behaviour cannot always be successfully applied to octopuses, due the structural functional characteristics that have evolved in their nervous system response unique challenges posed by octopus morphology. For instance, br...