background: calcium overload and free radical mediated damage in the mitochondria is the most important pathological changes associated with myocardial ischemic-reperfusion injury. the verapamil post-treatment has been previously reported to prevent reperfusion-induced myocardial injury but functional recovery may be delayed due to the drug's inherent direct myocardial depression effect. in the...

many factors are involved in learning and memory processes including brain nuclei, neurotransmitter systems, and the activity of ion channels. studies showed inconsistent effects of calcium channel blockers on learning process, especially memory consolidation; however, little is known about their effect on memory acquisition and retrieval. accordingly, the present study aimed to determine the e...

A migraine is a specific kind of headache disorder that primarily affects the head. It can range in severity from mild to severe and often accompanied by other symptoms like vomiting, nausea, illness, dizziness gets worse with movement, photophobia, sonophobia, disability, or types nature. Triptans are administered intravenously be used treat migraines irritated injection sites. Transdermal del...

introduction: verapamil, a phenylalkylamin –type ca 2+ channel blocker, is widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases . material and methods: in this study , the chronic effects of oral administration of the drug on hematologi and immunologic parameters of male wistar rats have been studied. verapamil was administered orally at dosages of 10,20,50 mg/kg for two months, while contro...

To assess the effects of verapamil on postextrasystolic potentiation (PESP), contrast left ventriculography was performed in ten healthy anesthetized dogs before and after the intravenous administration of verapamil, 0.1 mg/kg. During the contrast ventriculography, a single atrial premature stimulus was introduced. Ejection fractions of a control beat and postpremature beat were measured before...

AIM To investigate the metabolism of verapamil at low concentrations in rat liver microsomes. METHODS Liver microsomes of Wistar rats were prepared using ultracentrifuge method. The in vitro metabolism of verapamil was studied with the rat liver microsomal incubation at concentration of 1.0 micromol/L and 5.0 micromol/L. The metabolites were separated and assayed by liquid chromatography-ion ...

The aim of this experiment was to establish whether verapamil, nicardipine, and nitroglycerin have (1) infarct size-limiting effects and (2) antiarrhythmic effects in in vivo rabbit hearts during ischemia/reperfusion. Rabbits received regional ischemia by 30 min of left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion followed by 3 hours of reperfusion under ketamine and xylazine anesthesia. The a...

Objective: To evaluate prospectively the effects of pretreatment with verapamil on the maintenance of sinus rhythm after direct current (DC) cardioversion. Design: Randomised, active control, open label, parallel group comparison of verapamil versus digoxin. Settings: Multicentre study in three teaching and three non-teaching hospitals in Sweden. Patients: 100 consecutive patients with atrial f...