Stormwater management has traditionally focused on the use of conveyances to quickly move stormwater runoff from urban centers into nearby rivers, streams, and lakes. The increased flow caused by impervious surface cover (ISC) leads to runoff rates that are amplified by kinematic processes as they travel through the municipality’s stormwater system. Elevated runoff volumes and rates lead to hig...

rapidly increasing urbanization in the world, especially in developing countries, let to increasing urban extents. rapid urban growth causes to appearance many problems such as wasting environmental resources, inability of providing necessary services for citizens and unplanned growth. urban mangers and planners need tools for understanding amount and size of future urban growths to prevent the...

Urban surface energy fluxes are closely associated with land-cover types (LCTs) and critical biophysical compositions. This study aims to assess the contribution of LCTs, vegetation fractional coverage (VFC) and percentage of impervious surface area (ISA%) to urban surface energy fluxes using remote sensing. An advanced urban surface energy flux algorithm was used to combine satellite imagery a...

green belt is defined as a narrow green area surrounding an urban area. shiraz green belt has been developed through 9 projects with a variety of purposes since 2005. the development of green belt is being considered in a number of iranian cities, and therefore, investigation of shiraz green belt’s purposes and challenges could contribute to an appropriate planning by decision makers. the main ...

In Portugal, updating municipal plans (1:10 000) is required every ten years. High spatial resolution imagery has shown its potential for detailed urban land cover mapping at large scales. However, shadows are a major problem in those images and especially in the case of urban environments. The purpose of this study is to develop a less time consuming and less expensive alternative approach to ...

urban spaces are like a dramatic stage, in which buildings and street’s facades are the actors. while people are passing through streets, they will communicate the information with the environment, as well as, explore and study the spaces. people transfer the greatest number of information from the urban space and the surrounding environment through their visual senses. hiking determines one of...

In this investigation, a numerical model expressing advection and diffusion effects is used to examine air temperature rise in urban areas that are on the leeward side of green areas. The model results are then verified by comparison with measurement results. When the measurement point is at a distance of 30 m or more from a green area, the air temperature of the urban area is not affected by t...

Of the 24 samples from pits and wells discussed here, one third were devoid of insect remains. This may be a result of poor preservational conditions rather than low input. Those that did contain insects gave assemblages suggesting that the cuts were rapidly formed, perhaps largely backfills. The surrounding area was probably thinly vegetated with weeds and some of the beetles from this environ...