introduction: the relationship between different market levels is an essential issue in economy. understanding of linkages between different market levels will help to assess the potential impact of agricultural policies. given the importance of the vertical market relationship, the present study examines price volatility spillover in vertical market levels of iranian livestock and poultry mark...

RESUMO Hydrangea macrophylla é uma planta exótica, conhecida popularmente por Hortênsia, e cultivada em diversas partes do mundo como ornamental. No Rio Grande Sul [Brasil], as cidades de turísticas Canela, Gramado São Francisco Paula, que fazem parte da Região das Hortênsias, ela também está presente. Muitas atividades econômicas culturais desses municípios são baseadas na atratividade visual ...

Covariance structure analysis plays an important role in social and behavioral sciences to evaluate hypothesized in uences among unmeasured latent and observed variables. Existing methods for analyzing these data rely on unstructured sample means and covariances estimated under normality, and evaluate a proposed structural model using statistical theory based on normal theory MLE and generalize...