In female athletes, iron deficiency and anaemia have marked effects on performance could also impair health. Female athletes often limit their diet to control weight, thus may not obtain sufficient iron. Iron is difficult absorb, so it necessary devise an efficient intake method. Absorption of non-haem seems increase when taken with ʟ-ascorbic acid (vitamin C [VC]). ʟ-Ascorbic 2-glucoside (VCG)...

The focus of classic mechanism design has been on truthful direct-revelation mechanisms. In the context of combinatorial auctions the truthful direct-revelation mechanism that maximizes social welfare is the VCG mechanism. For many valuation spaces computing the allocation and payments of the VCG mechanism, however, is a computationally hard problem. We thus study the performance of the VCG mec...

Core-selecting combinatorial auctions have been introduced as an alternative to the Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (VCG) mechanism because VCG results in payments that are not in the core with respect to bids, leading to unfair payments, unacceptably low revenues, and unstable outcomes. This raises an auction selection problem for an auctioneer deciding whether to employ a core-selecting auction or VCG ...

This survey considers the following setting. A seller wants to sell a set of indivisible goods. A set of buyers are interested in buying the goods. Buyers have private values for bundles of goods they are interested in buying. The seller’s objective is to allocate the goods to the buyers efficiently (maximizing the total utility of buyers). Since the values of buyers are private information, th...

Mechanism design uses the tools of economics and game theory to design rules of interaction for economic transactions that will,in principle, yield some desired outcome. In the last few years this field has received much interest of researchers in computer science, especially with the Internet developing as a platform for communications and connections among enormous numbers of computers and hu...

The direct Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (VCG) mechanism requires solving underlying optimization problems of the main economy and of every “marginal” economy. We show that VCG outcome can be implemented using a competitive equilibrium (CE) of the main economy if and only if that CE price is also a CE price of every marginal economy. We call such a CE price a universal competitive equilibrium (UCE) pri...

The veriication of programs that contain mutually recursive procedures is a diicult task, and one which has not been satisfactorily addressed in the literature. Published proof rules have been later discovered to be unsound. Veriication Condition Generator (VCG) tools have been eeective in partially automating the veriication of programs, but in the past these VCG tools have in general not them...

In the customary VCG (Vickrey-Clarke-Groves) mechanism truth-telling is a dominant strategy. In this paper we study the sequential VCG mechanism and show that other dominant strategies may then exist. We illustrate how this fact can be used to minimize taxes using examples concerned with Clarke tax and public projects.

Respiration and body position changes (BPC) affect on the morphology of electrocardiograph (ECG). This variation can be modeled by the rotation of vectorcardiographic (VCG) loop. To visualize the distortion on ECG, caused by these motion artifacts, a software simulation environment was created. With user adjustable rotation angles it enables observation of the influence of VCG loop movement on ...