A comparative anatomical study of the stems in 32 taxa assigned two related genera; Matricaria (4 taxa) and Tripleurospermum (28 taxa, 30 accessions), was carried out Turkey by using cluster analysis (CA) principal component (PCA) to address generic classification delimitation. All studied have following stem characteristics: one layer epidermal cells with a sparse distribution non-glandular tr...

The external and internal structures of fruits from 95 taxa representing 27 Ranunculaceae genera of China were studied. The results show that Ranunculaceae could be divided into 4 groups based on the fruit types, epidermal surface, vascular bundle, mesocarp cell, and endocarp cell structures: Group 1: follicle or achene, branching or branching and anastomosing vascular bundles, mesocarp parench...

8 Abstract. Analysis of the pericarp structure in the four genera of the palm subtribe 9 Dypsidinae reveals tissues similar to those in other taxa within the pseudomonomer10 ous Indo-Pacific arecoid palms, but generally in unspecialized configurations consis11 tent with their presumed basal position within this group. Unique tissues within some 12 members of genus Dypsis include thin-walled, ta...

Iron (Fe) is essential for plant growth and development, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its distribution to different organs are poorly understood. We found that OsFRDL1 (FERRIC REDUCTASE DEFECTIVE LIKE 1), a plasma membrane-localized transporter for citrate, was highly expressed in the upper nodes of rice at the reproductive growth stage. OsFRDL1 was expressed in most cells of enlarge...

An immunohistochemical approach was used in maize (Zea mays) and citrus (Citrus paradisi) to address the previously noted association between sucrose synthase and vascular bundles and to determine the localization of the low but detectable levels of sucrose synthase that remain in leaves after the import-export transition. Sucrose synthase protein was immunolocalized at the light microscope lev...

To clarify how root-synthesized cytokinins (CKs) are transported to young shoot organs, CK distribution patterns were analysed in free-CK-responsive ARR5::GUS transformants of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. together with free plus bound CKs using specific CK monoclonal antibodies. Plants were subjected to two different growth conditions, completely protected from any air movement, or exposed ...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to gain in vivo insight into load-induced displacements of inner plant tissues making a non-invasive and non-destructive stress and strain analysis possible. The central aim of this study was the identification of a possible load-adapted orientation of the vascular bundles and their fibre caps as the mechanically relevant tissue in branch-stem-attachmen...

Plants transport water and nutrients through a complex vascular network comprised of interconnected, specialized cell types organized in discrete bundles. To identify genetic determinants of vascular tissue patterning, we conducted a screen for mutants with altered vascular bundle organization in Arabidopsis cotyledons. Mutations in two genes, CVP1 and CVP2 (for cotyledon vascular pattern), spe...

The vascular tissue of higher plants is organized into a continuous and unified system that undergoes a transition between two highly differentiated structures, the root and the shoot. This transition was studied in tomato by investigating the genetic basis of morphological variation between Lycopersicon esculentum and L. hirsutum LA407. Our analysis concentrated on morphology in stem cross sec...

The arrangement of vascular bundles in the stems of monocots has been described repeatedly as "scattered." But to the trained eye it is clearly ordered as verified by the use of the R index of Clark and Evans. The arrangement of bundles in leaves and sclerenchyma bundles in stems are also ordered. An equation was developed for the probability distribution frequencies (pdf) for leaf intervein di...