non‑recurrent laryngeal nerve (nrln) is a rare anomaly which is reported in 0.3%‑0.8% of people on the right side and in 0.004% (extremely rare) on the left side. damage to this nerve during the surgical procedure may lead to severe iatrogenic morbidity and should therefore be prevented from being damaged. the best way to avoid this damage to the nerve is to identify the nerve with a systematic...

We present the case of a 30-year-old non-smoker who presented with unexplained, massive hemoptysis and was diagnosed with a rare vascular malformation.

(A) TWIST image in early arterial phase showing capillary lakes (arrow head). (B) TWIST image 2.2 sec after (A) showing development of tiny early draining veins (arrow). (C) Standard 3d ceMRA in the arterial phase demonstrating significant venous contamination without evidence of capillary shunting. Comprehensive Magnetic Resonance evaluation of vascular malformations at 3T: comparison of Time-...

Cryptic vascular malformations have intrigued clinicians since the first report of “calcifying epileptogenic hemangiomas” by Penfield and Ward appeared in 1948 (2). Despite many detailed radiologic and pathologic studies on the subject, controversy still exists regarding their underlying pathophysiology, terminology, and treatment. Are cryptic vascular malformations a heterogeneous group of mal...

Vascular malformations comprise a broad and heterogeneous range of lesions that often represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for the pediatrician. For a long time, the use of an inaccurate nomenclature has led to confusion. Since management depends on the specific vascular malformation, a proper classification and identification is critical. The objective of this article is to provide...

Introduction: Diagnose vascular anomalies by clinical exam and MRI, not by diagnostic angiography. If you need to do a diagnostic angiogram, image the venous phase. Check coagulation parameters on patients with large VMs. Anticoagulation for two weeks helps reverse consumption coagulopathy. Never use ethanol in the orbit. Never use sodium tetradecyl intra-arterially. Never coil a proximal feedi...

© 2008 Association médicale canadienne W report a case of compartment syndrome that occurred after injection of a sclerosing agent into the forearm of a child being treated for an intramuscular, infiltrative, low-flow vascular malformation. We also describe a method for measuring muscle compartment pressures ultrasonographically when the muscles involved have become distorted or attenuated.

Isolated involvement of the clitoris by vascular malformation (VM) is very rare. Clinically, the lesion simulates female pseudohermaphroditism. A five-year-old girl presented with clitoromegaly and a clinical diagnosis of solitary VM of the clitoris was made. Magnetic resonance imaging showed characteristic features and confirmed the diagnosis and the extent of the VM. This is the first reporte...