We show how to mechanise equational proofs about higher-order languages by using the primitive proof principles of first-order abstract syntax over one-sorted variable names. We illustrate the method here by proving (in Isabelle/HOL) a technical property which makes the method widely applicable for the λ-calculus: the residual theory of β is renaming-free up-to an initiality condition akin to t...

the formation of ice on a cold surface and its shape, play an important role in some of the various problems. the position of solid surface of ice accretion, its growth shape and the effect of liquid phase on it, are important parameters in the various applications. difficulty of analytic techniques and expensive of experimental methods encourage the numerical modeling procedures in the investi...

In wireless channel the noise has a zero mean. This channel property can be used in the enhancement of the noise performance in the digital receivers by oversampling the received signal and calculating the decision variable based on the time average of more than one sample of the received signal. The averaging process will reduce the effect of the noise in the decision variable that will approa...

First time, an analytical two-dimensional (2D) elasticity solution for arbitrarily supported axially functionally graded (FG) beam is developed. Linear gradation of the material property along the axis of the beam is considered. Using the strain displacement and constitutive relations, governing partial differential equations (PDEs) is obtained by employing Ressiner mixed var...

Two calculation methods are mainly implemented during the construction as well as modeling of the rolling rolls. These are: deterministic (classical) and probabilistic – calculation based on reliability. When using deterministic method, starting point considers that the workloads as well as material specifications are invariable values. However, in reality, rolling rolls are burdened with varia...

Wepresent a bitmap printingmethod and digital workflow usingmulti-material high resolution Additive Manufacturing (AM). Material composition is defined based on voxel resolution and used to fabricate a design object with locally varying material stiffness, aiming to satisfy the design objective. In this workflowvoxel resolution is set by theprinter’s native resolution, eliminating theneed for s...