Iran is located in a high-risk seismic zone of earthquakes. It has thousands of valuable historic buildings, mostly made of unreinforced masonry, which is quite vulnerable to natural hazards, especially earthquakes. The conservation and seismic upgrading of these buildings is vital for their survival. However, resources are limited and some sort of prioritization is needed in order to alloca...

We deene the sharply bounded hierarchy, SBH (QL), a hierarchy of classes within P , using quasilinear-time computation and quantiication over values of length log n. It generalizes the limited nondeterminism hierarchy introduced by Buss and Gold-smith, while retaining the invariance properties. The new hierarchy has several alternative characterizations. We deene both SBH (QL) and its correspon...

We construct a typed hierarchy of effective algebraic domains with totality of height the first recursively Mahlo ordinal. The hierarchy is based on the empty type and the domains for singleton, boolean values and natural numbers, and it is closed under dependent sums and pro-ducts of effectivly parameterised families of types, and under universes closed under a very general universe operator.

We announce results concerning the detailed analysis of L(R) a considerable distance along its constructibility hierarchy, assuming the axiom of determinacy. Our main focus here is on the projective hierarchy, and specifically the sizes and properties of the projective ordinals. In particular, assuming determinacy, we calculate the values of the projective ordinals, getting

Sometimes, qualitative values can be arranged in a hierarchy, a tree with certain properties. Hierarchies allow the definitions of following constructs: the confusion CONF(r, s) in using qualitative value r instead of the intended or correct value s (such as using ‘umbrella’ when ‘raincoat’ was intended); a predicate P that holds for object o within confusion ε, written Pε(o); the closeness of ...

Given a sequence of n elements, the All Nearest Smaller Values (ANSV) problem is to nd, for each element in the sequence, the nearest element to the left (right) that is smaller, or to report that no such element exists. Time and work optimal algorithms for this problem are known on all the PRAM models 3], 5], but the running time of the best previous hypercube algorithm 6] is optimal only when...

BACKGROUND The RD(50) (exposure concentration producing a 50% respiratory rate decrease) test evaluates airborne chemicals for sensory irritation and has become an American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard method. Past studies reported good correlations (R(2)) between RD(50)s and the occupational exposure limits, particularly threshold limit values (TLVs). OBJECTIVE The main ...

Given a sequence of n elements, the All Nearest Smaller Values (ANSV) problem is to nd, for each element in the sequence, the nearest element to the left (right) that is smaller, or to report that no such element exists. Time and work optimal algorithms for this problem are known on all the PRAM models 4, 6], but the running time of the best previous hypercube algorithm 9] is optimal only when ...