The present study is conducted to demonstrate the value of direct smear examinations ( Gram stain and wet mount ) of vaginal discharge from infected female patients. The diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis and other infections were carried out by direct gram stained smear and wet mount preparations of vaginal discharge in 1004 cases of various infections affecting these patients. Gram stain was a ...

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Cavernous hemangiomas rarely involve the female genital tract. It is difficult to identify vascular malformations when these lesions are concealed in the vagina or deep vulva area. We present a rare case of vaginal cavernous hemangioma in a 30-year-old primiparous woman with an early severe postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and delayed continuous bleeding from the episiotomy site. She was treated suc...

Group B streptococcus (GBS) can cause severe disease in susceptible hosts, including newborns, pregnant women, and the elderly. GBS serine-rich repeat (Srr) surface glycoproteins are important adhesins/invasins in multiple host tissues, including the vagina. However, exact molecular mechanisms contributing to their importance in colonization are unknown. We have recently determined that Srr pro...

The degree and duration of immunity against herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection of the female genital tract were assessed after intranasal (i.nl.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) immunization with a recombinant adenovirus vector expressing HSV glycoprotein B (AdgB8). After intravaginal HSV-2 challenge, control mice rapidly developed disease and displayed high virus titers in vaginal washes....

This study assessed the associations between vaginal douching practice and the adverse reproductive tract outcomes, and the risk modulating factors among young women. The data source was a cross-sectional population based sample of 1488 women aged 18 35 years in a university community. Self-administered socio-demographic and female genital hygiene practices questionnaire were used to survey the...

Vaccines are being sought for contraception and the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases. However, progress is slow in this area largely because of lack of information on induction of protective immune responses in genital tract mucosa. In this study, we investigated whether in vivo transfection with a model DNA-based antigen delivered by gene gun technology would induce an antibody resp...

OBJECTIVES To understand women's perceptions and health seeking behavior and the association between vaginal discharge, clinical signs and laboratory findings as a presentation of sexually transmitted diseases (STD). METHODS We conducted five focus group discussions with women attending the outpatient department in a large public hospital in Katmandu, Nepal, during May-June 1997. We also inte...

Nonspecific vaginitis (NSV), also named bacterial vaginosis, is one of the most common genital system diseases in women during their reproductive years. The specific pathogenic mechanism of NSV is not clear yet. Upon the balance alteration, large amount of reactive oxidant species (ROS) is generated and accumulated in the genital tract, and thus resulting in oxidative stress, which has been rep...

•We discuss the recurrence of breast carcinoma presenting as postmenopausal vaginal bleeding in a patient on Tamoxifen therapy.•Case report illustrates widespread genital tract manifestation of recurrent disease at time of presentation and rapid disease progression.•Discusses the importance of maintaining broad differential in diagnosis of postmenopausal vaginal bleeding.